The first construction of quantum dot contacts for nanoelectronic components

The team led by Professor Lawrence Morrenkamp of the University of Wurzburg, Germany, used the mercury-tellurium (HgTe) quantum wells developed by it to successfully construct a quantum dot contact (QPC), a basic element of nanoelectronic components. This result was published in the recently published "Nature Physics" magazine.

Topological insulator materials have unique properties. Current flows only along its surface or edge, while the interior of the material is insulating. Professor Molenkamp first demonstrated this topology condition through experiments in 2007. His team successfully developed a mercury tellurium (HgTe) quantum well. Using these novel materials, it is expected to develop a new generation of electronic components.

Quantum dot contact is a quasi-one-dimensional squeezing in a two-dimensional structure, the conductive state is only located in the edge of the HgTe topology quantum well, and the spatial combination at the quantum dot contact. This proximity makes it possible to study potential interactions between boundary states.

Professor Morrenkamp said: "This experiment can only be successful if we make a breakthrough in our lithography method. This allows us to create incredibly small structures without damaging the topological materials."

The researchers solved the structural bottleneck of abnormal conductance due to interaction through a complex manufacturing process in a particularly precise and material-friendly manner, and were able to experimentally detect the topological characteristics of the system. For the first time, they detected various interactions between various topological states based on anomalous conductance behavior systems, and believed that the special behavior of these topological quantum dot contacts is due to the special physical laws of one-dimensional electronic systems.

Examining the interaction of electrons in the spatial dimension reveals that one-dimensional is different from two-dimensional or three-dimensional. The movement of electrons is orderly because it is impossible to surpass the leading electrons. Visually speaking, in this case, the electron behaves like a pearl on the chain. This special nature of one-dimensional systems leads to interesting physical phenomena. The physicist Trauzel said: "There are very few strong Coulomb interactions and spin-orbit coupling interactions in nature. Therefore, I can predict future applications from the basic characteristics of this system."

Theoretical predictions in recent years have shown that topological quantum dot contacts are an essential part of many applications. A particularly prominent example is the possible realization of Majorana fermions, which was predicted by Italian physicist Etor Majorana in 1937. These predictions are due to the high application potential associated with topological quantum computers. Not only to prove the Majorana fermions, but also to be able to control and manipulate them at the same time. The topological quantum dot contact realized by the University of Würzburg for the first time provides an encouraging prospect for progress in this area. (Reporter Gu Gang)

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