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Since the beginning of winter this year, the climate is relatively dry, and the rainfall is much smaller than normal. If you apply nitrogen fertilizer on the winter crops at will, it will not only be difficult to absorb, but also produce fertilizer. In the field with good soil moisture, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied as appropriate. According to the experience summarized in various places, the absorption and utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in winter crops is high. Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer can not only improve the utilization of soil moisture, but also play a role in increasing nitrogen by phosphorus. Therefore, when the winter is dry, the compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content should be applied.
When entering the rainy season, if the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, not only will the nitrogen fertilizer be lost, but also the crop will grow, leading to crop lodging, and pests and diseases will be induced, resulting in reduced production. In the period of entry, there are more heavy rains. Some farmers who plant cotton often go to the cotton fields to apply urea in the rainstorm. As a result, the larger the application rate, the more severe the cotton wilting after the rain, and some cotton even die. Therefore, when fertilizing in the season with a lot of rainfall, one should pay attention to the division of fertilization, and the second method should be taken by ditching or acupuncture.
The temperature has a great influence on the fertilization efficiency, generally from 0 °C to 32 °C. The higher the temperature, the more fertilizer is absorbed by the crop, and the higher the conversion utilization rate. Too high or too low temperature will restrict the absorption and utilization of fertilizer by crops. Therefore, according to the fertility characteristics of the crop, choose the appropriate fertilization temperature. For example, the suitable temperature for rice topdressing is 30 °C ~ 32 °C, the suitable temperature for corn topdressing is 25 °C ~ 30 °C, and the suitable temperature for cotton topdressing is 28 °C ~ 30 °C, which should be well grasped when fertilizing. The quick-release fertilizers should be applied to the seedlings of the above several crops. In the hot season, fertilize in the morning and evening when the temperature is low. For wintering crops, due to lower temperatures in winter and spring, it is necessary to focus on phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
If the crop growth period is longer, the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied more appropriately. If the growth period is short, the nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to prevent the prosperous and promising. When the temperature is high and dry, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to improve the utilization of soil moisture. In order to prevent high temperature from volatilizing the fertilizer, it should be applied early and late.
All in all, the fertilization should try to avoid the unfavorable climate. Only the disaster-resistant strain can get the maximum benefit with the least fertilizer input.
Source: Agricultural Resources Report, No. 12, 2009 (Yu Hongzhang)
Avoiding unfavorable climate and improving fertilization efficiency
In recent years, the types of fertilizers applied to crops in China are changing quietly, and the proportion of organic fertilizers is getting smaller and smaller. According to the Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the effective utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate is 27%, the effective utilization rate of urea is 35%, and the effective utilization rate of ammonium sulfate is 45%. Most of the other is wasted. Among them, the impact of climate on fertilization efficiency is the main one. Therefore, it is necessary to flexibly adapt to climate change conditions to improve fertilization efficiency.
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