The latest review of the material frontier (4th week of December 2017)

1.Science review: Nano-scale circuit of battery electrode

Figure 1: Battery electrodes, integrated circuits, and bioelectrochemical networks

Developing high-performance, durable batteries is a key task in next-generation battery technology. Researchers generally improve battery electrode performance from two aspects: one is the development of new materials, and the other is the assembly of new structures. There have been some review reports on the inventory of new materials, and the need for new structures and chemical reactions can also be fully understood by the development of spatial computing tools. However, there are few reports on key issues such as the size and shape of composite electrode structures and the arrangement of different phases. This deficiency highlights three important aspects: (1) insufficient understanding of the dynamics of such composite systems; (2) for many materials, the decisive transport parameters are unmeasurable or uncertain; (3) this The problem is very complex and involves multiphase and length scales.

Recently, Prof. Joachim Maier (Corresponding author) of the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research and others published a review on battery electrode materials at Science. The review is divided into four parts. Firstly, the principles of electrode dynamics optimization based on transport parameters and phase dimensions are discussed. Next, these principles are used to classify the new nanostructures developed in recent years, and then summarize The necessary preparation methods, the last section highlights the latest results of experiments in recent years.

2. Adv. Mater. Overview: Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges

Figure 2: Twisting artificial muscle from nylon for heat

Artificial muscle is a general term for a class of materials or devices that can be reversibly contracted, expanded, or rotated by external stimuli (voltage, current, pressure, temperature, light, etc.). Artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary research field with high degree of crossover and overlap with materials science, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and chemistry. Due to the rise of nanomaterials in recent years, especially the rapid development of carbon nanotubes and nanowires provides an important opportunity for the development of artificial muscle. However, researchers now often use the drive with artificial muscles, causing few researchers to consider whether artificial muscles can be used in humans to exert human muscles.

Recently, Professor Seyed M. Mirvakili (Corresponding author) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology published a review of artificial muscles on Adv. Mater. The review begins with a brief introduction to the scientific issues of artificial muscles, followed by a detailed discussion of the structure, actuation mechanisms, applications, and limitations of artificial muscles. In addition, the article defines some performance parameters for measuring artificial muscles.

3.Prog. Polym. Sci. Review: Protein mimetic peptide nanofibers: motif design, self-assembly synthesis, and sequence-specific biomedical applications

Figure 3: Self-assembled PMP nanofibers have great application prospects in biomedical fields.

Design and Functionalization of Self-Assembled Peptide Nanostructures The preparation of nanomaterials provides an important platform for a variety of biomedical applications. Using the mechanical and biological advantages of the protein mimetic peptide (PMP) system, the self-assembled PMP nanofibers are combined with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, and the prepared PMP-based hybrid fiber nanostructures are expected to become the application basis of advanced technology.

Recently, Prof. Su Zhiqiang from Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Professor Klaus D. Jandt from Schiller University and Professor Gang Wei from the University of Bremen (co-author) and others published a review in Prog. Polym. Sci. In this review, the researchers introduced the sequence and structural design of PMP and the relationship between the design of PMP monomers and the preparation of functional fiber biomaterials by simulating the properties and functions of several proteins. In addition, the basic classification of various peptide motifs is summarized, and some guidance is provided for the design of functional-based peptide nanostructures, and some problems in peptide-based design and functional tailoring are discussed. Finally, the research progress of PMP nanofiber-based functional nanomaterials in biomineralization, cell culture, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, hemostasis, bioimaging and biosensors is introduced in detail.

4. Adv. Energy Mater. Review: Low-dimensional perovskite: synthesis of perovskite materials and stability of solar cells

Figure 4: Characterization of atomic two-dimensional perovskites

In recent years, perovskites have attracted a lot of interest from experts in various fields, including solar cells, lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), water separation, photodetectors, and field effect transistors. Since the advent of perovskite solar cells in 2009, its efficiency has rapidly increased from 3.8% to 22%. This shows that perovskite itself is a promising material, so perovskite solar cell technology is regarded as one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016. Although perovskite is one of the most attractive materials to date, its instability has severely hampered the commercialization of perovskite solar cell technology. However, the advent of two-dimensional perovskites has brought the dawn of solving the instability of perovskite solar cells.

Recently, Professor Abd. Rashid bin Mohd. Yusoff and Professor Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin (co-author of the Correspondent) at the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne published a review of low-dimensional perovskites at Adv. Mater. This review begins with an introduction to recent advances in the synthesis of low-dimensional perovskites and growth mechanisms. Subsequently, the best solution to the high cost of the instability of the perovskite solar cell was highlighted. Finally, the causes of instability of perovskite solar cells are analyzed, and the main achievements and future development directions of these low-dimensional perovskites are summarized.

5.Chem. Soc. Rev. Review: Calcium-based biomaterials for diagnosis and treatment

Figure 5: Main applications of calcium-based biomaterials in the biological field

Calcium-based biomaterials, including calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate and calcium fluoride, have been widely used in the biomedical field due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, calcium-based biomaterials have been strategically combined with imaging contrast agents and therapeutic agents for a variety of molecular imaging modalities, including fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, or multimodal imaging, as well as chemotherapy and gene therapy. And other treatments. Compared with other inorganic materials such as silicon, carbon, and gold-based biomaterials, calcium-based biomaterials can be dissolved into ions, participate in the normal metabolism of organisms, and therefore are not toxic to humans. This also provides people with a safer clinical disease treatment plan.

Recently, Professor Huang Peng (communication author) of Shenzhen University and others published a review on calcium-based biomaterials in Chem. Soc. Rev. This review summarizes recent advances in calcium-based biomaterials, from species, characteristics, and methods of preparation to their biological applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and thermotherapy. Finally, the development trend of calcium-based biomaterials and its key issues are discussed, and the prospects and challenges of calcium-based biomaterials are also forecasted.

6.Chem. Soc. Rev. Roundup: Photochromism in Nanosystems: Illuminating the Nanoworld of the Future

Figure 6: Schematic diagram of graphene-diarylene-graphene junction

Photochromism is a phenomenon in which the material itself is chemically reacted by external light, which has high spatial and temporal resolution, and has unique advantages in digital controllability. It has a pole for remotely manipulating nanomaterials and nanosystems in situ. Great potential. Currently known photochromic materials can undergo reversible photochemical conversion between different states of different properties, which have been widely introduced into various functional nanosystems, such as nanocrystals, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecules. .

Recently, Professor Quan Li (corresponding author) of Kent State University and others published a review on photochromism in Chem. Soc. Rev. In this article, the researchers reviewed the structure and function of photochromic materials and the recent advances in the principles and applications of reversible photo-controlled nanotechnology. The important design concepts of such advanced materials are discussed in detail, and their preparation methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. Finally, a brief overview of the challenges that need to be addressed in this area and the potential for development are outlined.

7.Acc. Chem. Res. Overview: Structure/Performance Relationships of "Giant" Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Opportunities in Photonics and Electronics

Figure 7: Photoluminescence of giant quantum dots

Semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit many excellent properties such as size-regulated absorption and emission peaks, high absorption coefficients, and high photoluminescence quantum yields. Quantum dots (QDs) can achieve effective surface passivation by growing the outer shell of another semiconductor material. This core-shell quantum dot structure is considered to be the most efficient model system. For example, a thick outer shell (1.5 to tens of nanometers) can be grown on quantum dots to produce "giant" quantum dots (g-QDs). This mega structure can broaden the spectral separation of the absorption and emission spectra, improve the isolation of photogenerated carriers from surface defects, and improve charge carrier lifetime and mobility. However, most stable systems are limited by a thick shell that strongly absorbs less than 500 nm of radiation, covering a portion of the ultraviolet and visible light. In addition, the band gap and band alignment of g-QDs can be regulated by appropriate composition selection. In most cases, quasi-type II localization mechanisms for electrons and holes have been implemented. In this type of quantum dot, electrons can leak into the shell region, while holes are still confined to the core region. The spatial distribution of such electron holes facilitates the separation of electron holes by the optoelectronic device while maintaining good stability.

Recently, Professor Federico Rosei, Professor Wang Zhiming of the University of Electronic Science and Technology, and Professor Zhao Haiguang (co-author of the communication) of Qingdao University and others published a review on "mega" nanocrystalline quantum dots in Acc. Chem. Res. In this paper, the structure of colloidal g-QDS is summarized. The photoelectric properties of the colloidal g-QDS are finely adjusted by wet chemical synthesis. The electron and hole localization and charge kinetics are described. This has a profound impact on the optical and electrical behavior of g-QDS. In addition, researchers have highlighted the potential of optimized structures, which can significantly improve the efficiency and stability of g-QD optoelectronic devices.

8.Acc. Chem. Res. Review: Electrochemical Characteristics of Layered Lithium Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries: Surface, Bulk Behavior and Thermal Properties

Figure 8: Schematic diagram of lithium ion battery and electrode material

Layered lithium transition metal oxides, especially NMCs (LiNixCoyMnzO2), are important lithium ion battery cathode materials with improved energy density and lifetime, reduced cost, and improved safety in electric vehicles and grid storage. Researchers have improved the performance of electrode materials by including strategies such as changing material composition and cation substitution. And to understand the impact of these strategies on the surface and volume of the material and its associated structure-performance relationship to enhance the understanding of NMCs materials.

Recently, Prof. Marca M. Doeff (corresponding author) of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory published an overview of lithium transition metal oxide lithium ion anode materials at Acc. Chem. Res. This review first compares NMCs, which are widely used in commercial batteries, with LiCoO2 anodes of the same structure. The influence of changing metal content (Ni, Mn, Co) on the structure and properties of NMCS is briefly discussed.

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