1 Introduction BIPV modules use solar power to generate electricity, do not pollute the environment, do not occupy the land, reduce the power loss during the transmission of electricity, and reduce the overall cost of the building. BIPV photovoltaic system has high power generation efficiency and can reduce the cost of power generation. With the increase in the proportion of solar photovoltaic power generation in the world, Photovoltaic Building Integration (BIPV) power generation will become the mainstream of photovoltaic power generation. However, the competition pressure of the same industry is increasing at this stage. At present, all companies are constantly improving the production process, reducing product quality issues and increasing the yield of components. 2, common quality problems and improvement methods Photovoltaic building integration (BIPV) components are generally packaged in laminators. The following problems are easily caused: the design of the components themselves is unreasonable, the components inside the air bubbles, the edge of the components are empty, the battery strings are moved, the battery fragments, etc. . 2.1 Component Design Under the premise of satisfying the light transmittance and photoelectric conversion efficiency, the cell spacing is as small as possible, and the distance from the cell to the glass edge is as large as possible. In the laminating stage, the laminator's silica gel plate is in contact with the surface of the component. The surface of the component is subjected to downward pressure on the silica gel plate. The silica gel plate gradually acts on the edge of the glass. At this time, the glass edges are subjected to a downward pressure and a component respectively. The internal stress. At this point, if the cell is too close to the edge of the glass, the ribbon is likely to bend. 2.2 Component Bubbles 2.2.1 Bubbles appearing after the component is pre-pressed: Insufficient vacuum is applied and there is air inside the PVB. The solution is to: adjust the lamination process parameters and appropriately extend the vacuuming time; the storage environment of PVB film is unqualified (since the PVB film has strong water absorption, the storage conditions have strict requirements: the relative temperature is 18-20°C, relative Humidity 25-30%); PVB thickness is uneven, causing partial filling failure; the curvature of the tempered glass itself is different, resulting in gaps between the two layers of glass; the size of the upper and lower two pieces of glass are different, resulting in the upper and lower glass can not be fully aligned when laying components . 2.2.2 Bubble Return Inside the Module After the qualified components that have been produced have been placed for a period of time, bubbles appear on the edges of the components. The specific solution is as follows: 1 After the vacuum preloading is completed, the components shall be autoclaved after the components are cooled down. The preloading components shall not be allowed to remain in the field for more than 24 hours. Otherwise, bubbles return will occur. 2 Apply dibutyl ester to the edges of the components after lamination. Chemical reagents: Before applying the dibutyl ester to the PVB film around the components, the dibutyl ester accelerates the melting of PVB before the components are injected into the autoclave. The control of the bubbles can play a certain role. effect. 2.2.3 Component Bubbles Not Extinguished After Autoclave Cure The vacuum preloading stage has a high temperature and a long time, resulting in the generation of air bubbles in the module. The temperature and time for the vacuum preloading need to be adjusted. In the autoclave curing stage, the air bubbles are not clamped and the air bubbles must be clamped. The film on the edge is too thin, resulting in a small amount of glue on the bubble, and a layer of PVB film is needed. 2.3 Component edge glue The amount of glue on the edge of the module is scarce, and a layer of PVB film needs to be added during the lamination process; the vacuum sealing effect of the components during vacuum pre-compression is not good, and the lamination parameters of the vacuum pre-compression stage need to be controlled; the force on the autoclave curing stage is Too large lead to the need for control of the clamping force on the autoclave curing stage, followed by a half-turn on the strength. 2.4 Battery String Position Movement When a component is encapsulated at high temperature, the PVB flows after being heated, and the battery string is impacted to cause the battery to shift. In the process of laying the component, a PVB strip and a block are added between the battery string and the string directly and between the battery chip and the chip. In the thermal melting process of PVB, the internal stress balance can be achieved; 2 Laminator pressure is too large, adjust the number of laminates, while adjusting the lamination of the assembly, laminating components according to the direction of the laminator inflatable hole, before entering the laminator inside the cushion cushion on both sides of the component to reduce due to The pressure of the laminator caused the movement of the battery string position. 2.5 Debris after the autoclave The following analysis was conducted through an experiment: A full-glass assembly with a specification of 1484×1495 was put into a total of 4 components. After the assembly was discharged, pieces of battery cells appeared. The position was in the middle of the middle of the two ribbons in the battery, and it was 1#2#. This phenomenon occurs on the 3# component, which is not the case on the bottom 4# component. The reasons for the analysis are as follows: 1There are internal defects in the battery slice and slice source. 2 component plate area is large. Since the component area is 1484 x 1495, the length of the cross-section of the incoming car is 850 mm. Therefore, after being placed on the vehicle, the components exposed on the edge of the module are large in area and large in number. When the pressure of the autoclave is dropped, the battery at the edge of the module is subjected to force, and the air in the air bubbles in the chip crushes the battery. 3 production parameters of autoclave equipment: high pressure. Due to the large overall area of ​​this assembly, the four sides of the vehicle are suspended in the vehicle, causing cracking when the pressure increases. The 4-component cart is in the kettle. Position: The cell location of the cell fragmentation module is just below the pressure inlet. Therefore, the pressure is greatest here, which may result in debris. (5) The autoclave heats up quickly. Because the heating rate of the kettle body is fast, the PVB film inside the module has not completely melted, the pressure has been given, and the bubbles of the PVB film on the battery are not pushed out and are directly pressed on the battery, resulting in Fragmentation occurs. The second time the component entered the kettle, the following improvements were made: Place a large-area component at the top of the feeder car to block the components below, thus delaying the pressure and pressing directly on the component; after feeding the material into the car , Avoid placing under the air inlet; Adjust the parameters of the equipment, reduce the pressure; At the same time, the upper part of the assembly is evenly clipped, the attention of the upper clamp is taken, and the belt is gently turned half a turn. The amount of attention and the number of clips on the place where the blister bubble is located, the place where the hem is all on the clip, and the one on the other. After the above improvement work, no debris is generated after the components are discharged. 3, the conclusion The above introduction briefly discusses some common quality problems and some solutions that are encountered during production. However, the key to finding these quality problems is to consider, sort and troubleshoot step by step, so as to minimize the occurrence of problem components and improve product quality.
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Photovoltaic Building Integration Common Problems and Solutions