Nutritional Characteristics and Fertilization Technology of Orange Orange

1. Sapling growth and fertilization techniques

   Navel oranges and citrus trees resistant to weak young, growing generally poor, could easily be dead drought or freeze to death, strengthen the management of fertilizer and saplings, increased nutrient accumulation is increased vigor, increasing the number of Spring, summer, autumn branches sprouted quickly a crown of construction results alma mater, the key to promoting young trees early in the final period. Fertilization of young trees requires the following five techniques:

( 1 ) Grasp the principle of fertilization. The saplings have few roots and tender, shallow distribution, low amount of fertilizer, and are not resistant to heavy fertilizers. They are required to be applied in a thin manner, mastering a small number of times, and the principle of promoting the post-control, the tree of the large-point large-fertilizer seedlings cultivated in the same year. Pay attention to hair roots and shoot fertilizer.

( 2 ) Master the method of fertilization. Newly planted young tree in claim early March to August monthly dressing 1 ~ 2 times, each time of 10% decomposition of the available human waste (biogas fertilizer) or 0.5 to 1% urea water distribution point stump. From mid-August stop fertilization until early October, and control shoot out late winter and fall tree growth, early November binding pockets buried facilities winter spreading manure, usually 2 to early December saplings winter rest period, applying generally not available nitrogen .

( 3 ) Guarantee the amount of fertilizer. As the age of the tree increases, the amount of fertilization and fertilization area of ​​each tree will gradually increase, and the number of fertilizations may be reduced as appropriate. Usually 1 to 2 years after transplanting trees per year administration of human and animal manure is about 100 kg, 0.5 to 1 kg of urea, soybean cake 1 to 1.5 kg. 3 to 5 years in claim trees per year from 50 to 60 kg fertilizer, "full multi-fruit" bio-organic fertilizer 1 to 2 kg, the decomposition of human manure 100 kg, 0.3 to 0.5 kg of urea, phosphate 0.5 to 1 kg. Potassium sulfate 1 ~ 2 kg, N , P , K ratio of 1 : 1 : O. 5 is appropriate, the amount of fertilizer increased with the increase of tree shape year by year.

( 4 ) Interplanting green manure between rows. Orange orange saplings line between spring intercropping soybeans, peanuts, green beans, winter sets kinds fertile field radish, vetch, beans, peas, etc., timely harvesting in turn soak into the soil under the tree plate or applicator, help retain water and fertilizer, improved The soil increases the ground force.

( 5 ) Expanding the hole to change the soil. 2 to 5 years after colonization saplings addition to its regular Row crop cultivators, shall in the autumn shoot growth stops, starts from the annual planting outer edge outwardly extended, wide and deep by 0.5 to 0.6 m hole expansion groove, per cubic meter In the expansion hole, 20 to 30 kilograms of green manure masts should be buried , and 10 to 20 kilograms of decomposed human and animal manure . 2 to 4 kg cake fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and lime of 0.5 to 1 kg each, are covered after application loam mix, and sufficient water furrow points, and then use the straw covered Shupan, "snow" with the front pond scum, The turf, silt and other soils are applied under the tree tray, and the soil layer is 10 to 30 cm high, which helps to increase the fat and prevent freezing.

2 , fruit tree nutritional characteristics and fertilization techniques

  From the nutritional status of the tree , after three years of navel orange and citrus saplings , the crown is gradually increased, and sufficient fertilizer and water supply is needed throughout the year to meet the requirements of germination, flowering, flowering and fruit development. Nitrogen is the basis of the metabolism of chlorophyll and protein. The orange and rhizome leaves absorb nitrogen fertilizer in all seasons under normal temperature conditions, but the nitrogen fertilizer is the most absorbed from April to August , and the nitrogen content increases the leaves to turn green. The yield can be increased accordingly, and elements such as phosphorus , potassium, calcium, zinc and magnesium play an important role in new growth, cell division and metabolism in the tree. Orange orange requires a lot of phosphorus element during a result, fruit enlargement period requires more potassium fertilizer, to prevent the blade twist, shrinkage cracking and peel. Various nutrients coordinated well with each other, thanks to fertilizer and water management properly, people under the age size and morphological characteristics, physiological differentiation nutritional needs in a timely manner to strengthen the management of fertilizer in the soil and climate suitable environment, can be adjusted The balance between the growing branches and the resulting branches ensures the growth and development of the fruit in order to improve the quality and quality. Generally, 50 to 60 orange orchards per acre require four fertilizers per plant:

( 1 ) To master the period of fertilization

Former flower fertilizer: General budding 20 to 30 days (ie the end of February to early March) fertilization, nitrogen-based, should be accounted for about 20% of annual amount of fertilizer, but it depends on vigor, Danian tree flower quantity, to control the amount of pumping raw flower delayed flowering, increased vegetative shoots, pre-emergence fertilizer to increase the nitrogen fertilizer, small in Shuchun fertilizer should be applied early light applied to help suppress the nutrition branch, improve fruit set.

Fat and fruit: tree after flowering consume a lot of nutrients, mid to late May to June, and the available nitrogen Adding magnesium fertilizer, P and K fertilizer, favor formation of young fruit, improving fruit set sitting, summer shoot control projection Hair, fertilizer application is 10% of the annual amount .

Strong fruit fertilizer pro tip: Before the drought after the rainy season in mid-July on heavy nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer in favor of large fruit rapid expansion, improve fruit quality, improve storage performance, and promote early autumn shoot growth and create good for the next year As a result, the mother branches lay the foundation, and the amount of fertilizer should account for about 35% of the whole year .

Fruit-harvesting: It should be applied about 10 days before fruit picking . It will delay the maturity of fruit glutinous rice too early. The fruit-harvesting fertilizer should be mainly delayed-effect fertilizer, combined with quick-acting fertilizer, and the tree should be applied more often. The tree should be applied less to inhibit the excessive formation of flower buds . The winter fertilizer after harvesting should generally account for 35% to 40% of the annual fertilizer .

( 2 ) Types and methods of fertilization

  Orange orange should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, combined with quick-acting fertilizer and delayed-acting fertilizer. Generally, the red soil mountainous areas lack phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The use of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus should be emphasized. The hilly orangery often lacks trace elements such as boron, zinc, manganese and iron. It should pay attention to the application of boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and the like. Fertilization method on the application should be done deep and shallow Shi, outer root and foliar applied in combination with applying the early spring and late fall along the canopy drip line should Summer open loop, open Xiaqiu Yi Goushen radioactivity administered. Organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers must be applied in depth. The quick-acting fertilizers should be applied in a comprehensive way. If the trees are weak, they should be applied in a thin manner. The less prosperous trees should properly control the nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Dry season, dry season, thin water fertilizer or irrigation and fertilizer, organic fertilizer should be cooked and then applied, so as not to damage the roots after high concentration.

(3) The amount of fertilizer: 50 to 75 kg yield per plant fertilization program:

Spring facilities available fertilizer: spring before the buds sprout human waste per 20 to 30 kg of urea was added 0.4 to 0.5 kg, 1 kg calcium and magnesium phosphate.

Xia Shi Zhuang fruit fat: mid-late June to July each tree Shi cakes or "fruit full of many" fat 4 to 5 kg, combined with drought irrigation, Adding Some thin people and livestock (biogas) fertilizer, combined with pest Control leaf spraying urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, green leaf treasure, etc. O.1% ~ 0.5% .

Autumn fruit picking fertilizer applied: 1O late May to November livestock manure applied per tree 25 to 30 kg, plus "full multi-fruit" fat and calcium and magnesium phosphate and 1 to 1.5 kg, and pond scum plus pig, chicken buried facilities along the outer canopy drip line, with O.25% and 0.3% zinc sulfate and boric acid injection a back leaf, green leaves in order to ensure the winter.

Usually a fruit tree or two orange citrus fruit, citrus trees to be more than a single administration of some fertilizers, the number of the year 3000 to 5000 kg of citrus groves, claim 70 kg per acre foot pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide ~ 35 40 kg, potassium chloride 25 ~ 28 kg, N , P , K ratio of 1 : 0.7 : O.5 or so. Look at the soil fertility and the tree's flexibility.