How to carry out the connection and management of autumn flowers and trees

Bud propagation is an important grafting method for flowers and trees. It is usually carried out in the autumn, and the weather is fine in autumn. The buds do not rot due to rain or heat. After the buds are turned into alive, the temperature will turn cold and the sprouts will not sprout, so it can be safely wintered. In addition, the buds and flowers and trees save the seed strips, and the method is simple and easy to grasp, and the efficiency is high, so it is widely used in production.

In North China, the flowers and trees suitable for autumn buds are the rootstocks of the mountain peaches: Peach and Prunus triloba; and the ten sisters (Bai Yutang) are the rootstocks: all kinds of rose and yellow thorns. The time of bud connection is after the beginning of autumn, from mid-August to early September, premature buds are easy to germinate, and winter is susceptible to freezing damage; too late, it is difficult to survive in the dormant period. In the following, the author introduces the budding process by means of rootstock cultivation and bud connection.

Cultivating rootstock

The rootstock should be cultivated in advance. There are two methods: one for seeding and breeding, the method is to sow the seeds after the autumn of the previous year. When the spring germination grows to 20 cm high, the soil is excavated, and the planting distance of 25 cm × 80 cm is transplanted to the predetermined bud joint. The wider line spacing is convenient for future budding operations. After transplanting, the water is irrigated and shaded for two or three days, so that it can quickly resume growth. After that, the maintenance will be strengthened, and the soil will be loosened, weeded, watered, and fertilized in time to make the plants thrive. After the rainy season, the dry diameter has reached 1 cm or more, and the budding can be carried out.

The second method is cutting propagation, which is in the late summer and early autumn of the previous year. The branches that were enriched in the current year were cut into 25 cm long, and the upper leaves were retained, and the rows of 15 cm × 15 cm were placed in the open field. After the survival, let it naturally winter. Before the germination of Hunchun, the branches and forks were cut short, and the soil was excavated. According to the plant spacing of the above-mentioned mountain peach seedling transplants, they were transplanted in the predetermined buds.

The tenth sister's rootstock cultivation can also be cut into 25 cm long in the autumn of the previous year. They are arranged in the upper and lower ends, bundled into small bundles, and buried in the ground. Do not lay flat when burying, but tilt it slightly and place the upper end of the branch down. Because the auxin in the plant is concentrated on the top, the inverted shoot can promote the accelerated healing of the wound at one end of the rooting. Take it out in the spring of the second year and insert it directly into the scheduled buds. This method saves the seedling period compared with the former, but it must strengthen the management of fertilizer and water to promote growth after the survival, and the autumn can be used as a rootstock.

The ten sisters are long, and they can be spliced ​​to the buds in the autumn. After the survival, the branches are cut into small pieces, bundled, and buried. However, in the segmentation of the branches, the position of the buds in each small section should be considered. It is more suitable to be in the middle or slightly lower. The purpose is to make the buds above the soil and close to the ground. The branches are buried until the spring is warm and the cuttings are cut out. At this time, the roots are rooted, and the new shoots are germinated, and the two go hand in hand, making it easier and more convenient.

Preparation before bud picking

After the rainy season, you can start bud preparation. The weeds in the field are first removed, and the branches of the rootstock less than 30 cm from the ground are cut off. The ten sister's rootstocks also need to peel off the stems of the buds and remove the obstacles for operation.

The shoots used for the buds should be selected to be full and strong in the current year, and the buds in the middle part of each branch are most suitable. The common three buds such as the peach and the eucalyptus are clustered together, that is, the leaf bud is in the middle, and the two flower buds are arranged on both sides. When buds are taken, the two lateral buds should be removed to avoid emptying nutrients.

For shoots that are used for buds, the leaves should first be cut off (to retain the petiole) to prevent evaporation of water from the branches. Then keep it in a safe place. Dip the lower end of the branch into a bucket or wrap it in a damp cloth and store it in a cool place.

budding

There are many methods for bud connection, such as bud mosaic, T-shaped bud, I-shaped bud, tubular bud. However, no matter what method is adopted, it is important to make the buds and the rootstocks form a layer. In the past, two kinds of bud connection methods were taken as examples to introduce the specific operation methods:

1. Budding splicing is a common bud connection method. Use a suitable size of the bud to attach a knife, focus on the shoots on the shoots, use a knife to cut the upper, lower, left and right cortex, and then use the tip of the knife to gently lift the cut cortex. Similarly, a square skin layer is also dug at the selected bud joint of the rootstock, and the bud is attached to it. Note that the direction of the buds should be upward, the edges should be tight, and the operation should be done quickly so that the buds are not dry. It is common for some people to take the buds and put them in the mouth immediately. After the rootstocks are made, the gaps are taken out. After the buds are attached, the plastic strips should be fastened, and the buds and the attached petioles should be exposed when binding.

2. T-shaped buds are also commonly used in the bud connection method, because the buds taken are shield-like, so they are also called shield-shaped buds. When cutting the buds, the branches can be inverted by hand, and the ridges are cut obliquely from 20° to 30° below the buds at 2 cm below the buds. Cut to 1 cm above the bud to stop, then cross the knife and the xylem together to remove the bud, which is a shield.

Cut the rootstock with a knife and cut a tick mark. The horizontal line is about 1 cm wide and the vertical line is about 3 cm long. Then use the tip of the knife to lift the skin along the vertical line. Remove the prepared bud-shaped buds from the attached wood and insert the buds from top to bottom with the handle-handled petal along the root of the rootstock. Note that the upper edge of the inserted bud is to be in close contact with the transverse tangential line on the rootstock. Finally, it is glued to the same plastic strip as the mounting method.

Follow-up management

One week after the bud is connected, the survival condition can be checked. If the petiole attached to the bud is touched off, the color of the bud is still green and angry, which means that it is a live sign. Otherwise, it can be re-attached.

After the buds are joined, the bindings can be removed before germination in the spring, so as to prevent the growth of the buds and rootstocks from being inhibited. After the buds are germinated, the rootstocks in the upper part of the buds can be cut off from 20 cm to 30 cm. When the buds are grown to a considerable height, they are attached to them as a pillar for windbreaking. The anvil buds it produces can be temporarily reserved for the production of nutrients from the rootstock, and too many of it should be removed. When the growth of the buds is strong, the anvil buds are all cut off.

In the maintenance after the survival, pay attention to watering, fertilization, loosening, weeding, drainage and other measures to promote the growth of seedlings. Generally, after one year of cultivation, it can be placed on the pot or planted in the spring of the second year.

(Li Ming Zhang Liqing Liu Junfeng)