Autumn potato cultivation techniques

First, the selection of early maturing varieties. The growth period of autumn potato is short, and the growth time is not long. It is necessary to select varieties suitable for early maturing and shorter dormancy in autumn, such as Zhongshu No.3, Feiwuruita, Dongnong 303, Kexin No.4, and early. Early-maturing varieties such as Dabai and Zhengshu No.6.

Second, soaking seeds before germination to promote germination. Germination treatment is the key to the success of autumn potato production. For the autumn sowing potato, it is best to use small whole potatoes (about 50 grams) for sowing. This can avoid the high temperature and rainy weather when the seeds are cut.

Germination method: Generally, the whole potato is germinated with 10-15 ppm gibberellin solution, soaked for 20-30 minutes; the dicing germination is soaked for 15 minutes with 5-10 ppm gibberellin (92) solution. Disinfect the potato pieces with 70% methyl thiophanate 500 times solution or mixed with ash, and dry to promote germination. When soaking seeds, first dissolve the gibberellin with a small amount of alcohol, then dilute to the desired concentration with water, place the seed potatoes in the crucible or the net bag, and then soak in the liquid. After soaking, remove the seed potatoes and place them on a sand bed (the bed is 100 cm wide and the thickness of the sand is 5 cm). The thickness of the potato chips is about 20 cm, and then the top and bottom are covered with moist sand about 5 cm thick. . When the bud grows to about 2 cm, pour it out and put it in a cool place with scattered light for greening. After 2 to 3 days, choose sunny morning or evening sowing.

Note: When soaking seeds and germination, the concentration of gibberellin solution should be strictly prepared. The gibberellin solution should be used as needed, and should not be used overnight. In addition, the seed potato should not be too thick, otherwise it will easily cause rotten potatoes.

Third, master the sowing date and density. The sowing time in our province can be selected from mid-August to early September to early September. August is hot and rainy. When water accumulates in the field, it is easy to cause rotten potato, which affects emergence and plant growth. Therefore, it is necessary to remove accumulated water and carry out cultivating in time to facilitate emergence. The general planting density is 5000-6000 plants per mu, and the seed amount is 150-180 kilograms. The wide-row narrow plant is beneficial to the soil, the row spacing is 40 cm, the hole spacing is 25 cm, the stem buds are facing downward, and the cover soil thickness is about 5 cm. When the seedling height is about 15 cm, the soil permeability can be increased, and the temperature difference between day and night can be increased, which is favorable for high quality and high yield.

Fourth, scientific formula to increase the application of potassium fertilizer. Apply enough base fertilizer. Generally, 1000-1500 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer is applied per acre, and 60-80 kg of potato special compound fertilizer (9:9:7) or 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied at the same time, and the ditch strip is applied to the soil. Pay special attention to the application of potassium fertilizer. When applying potassium fertilizer, it is better to apply potassium sulfate.

Fifth, strengthen field management.

1. Drought resistance and drainage. Autumn potato plots must be capable of irrigating irrigation. If there is continuous high temperature and dry weather after sowing, cover the noodles with straw or wheat straw to reduce soil temperature, timely irrigation and promote germination; in case of heavy rain, drain in time to avoid rotten Kind, rotten seedlings.

2, the right amount of topdressing. After emergence, combined with cultivating loose soil, 10 to 15 kg of urea is applied to promote the rapid growth of seedlings; in the middle and late stages, foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and root enlargement is carried out 1 to 2 times.

3, cultivating and training. After Qi Miao, before the buds are sealed, cultivating the soil for 2 or 3 times, preventing weeds, breaking the knots, and thickening the glutinous rice, creating good soil loose conditions for potato growth, in order to improve the rate of potato and the quality of potato tubers.

6. Prevention of pests and diseases. The main disease is late blight, and the pests are mainly underground pests and aphids.

Late blight control: During the whole growth period of autumn potato, it should be controlled three times. The control agent is better used in combination with several different agents. The first time in the potato group, the use of 52.2% inhibition of the net, the second time in the early flowering stage of the potato with 72% gram dew prevention, the third time In the full bloom period, 68.75% silver method was used for prevention and control.

Underground pest control: combined with land preparation, 200 ml of phoxim in the acre, mixed with soil for control; aphids can be sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000-2000 times in the occurrence period.

(Yu Guixian Lei Changyun Long Wenli)