Identify the feed and teach you a few tricks

Feed is the basis of raising pigs and plays a decisive role in the success or failure of raising pigs. Most of our pig farmers are not able to have complete testing equipment and testing methods, relying on our senses to distinguish between good and bad. Therefore, experience is very important. With decades of accumulation, this old man teaches you how to choose the soil (raw material) method.

First, commercial feed

At present, the commercial feeds we purchase mainly include pre-mixed additives, protein concentrates and full-price compound feeds (including powder and granules). Premixed additives mainly provide minerals, various vitamins and other nutrients. High-grade also adds some essential amino acids and functional ingredients. They are divided into various dosage forms according to the amount of addition. Small addition dosage forms are also needed when formulating feed. Add calcium and phosphorus. Protein concentrates add animal protein such as cakes and fishmeal to premixed additives, and high-energy substances such as fat are added to the high-grade. The full-price material adds energy feed ingredients to the concentrate, and is directly fed without additional ingredients. Because China's feed industry is a mixed bag, we have to choose one when we buy it.

The first choice is to choose a strong and credible manufacturer. Don't listen to the seller's recommendation of the feed when it comes to the sky, some so-called big "feed company", even the "feed company" under the banner of a foreign company, even a fixed production base, just use the approval number to produce feed packaging, and then Provide packaging to some small feed workshops to profit from packaging, or to provide production formula processing and production profit to these small workshops. The equipment of these small workshops is simple, not to mention any means of testing. The quality of raw materials is not guaranteed at all, nor does it rule out that some workshops cut corners and do not produce according to formula. Even for some regular feed producers, the quality of the feed produced by each branch varies widely, and there is no small difference in the feed produced in each batch. The stupid way of this old lady is to set up a special pig house for testing. No matter how big the manufacturer is, I have to do a routine production comparison test. Once the quality is found to be degraded, I will immediately submit it to the manufacturer. If I don't correct it, I will refuse to purchase it.

Third, the first is to look at the factory deadline, because the longer the feed is placed after production, the more nutrient loss is lost due to volatilization and chemical reaction. It should be pointed out that the production date on most manufacturers' labels is only issued when they are out of the warehouse, so it is not the actual production date but only the date of manufacture. Therefore, we also need to understand the manufacturer's pressure warehouse, you can also check the package's old and new conditions and pollution levels to make a judgment.

Second, look at the labeling of nutrients, regular feed manufacturers generally do not dare to fake on the mark, because the factory must be able to cope with testing. When we look at the amount of labeling, we should try to be as detailed as possible. For example, vitamins depend on the content of important and expensive ingredients such as VA, VE and biotin. The crude protein content is of little practical significance, mainly lysine, methionine and threonine. The content of limiting amino acids. The pursuit of high crude protein is the most stupid. Some of China’s enterprises and business “elites” have done everything. If you dare to add melamine pseudoprotein in infant formula, it’s not in the feed that people eat directly. What? The detection of melamine in Hong Kong eggs in the near future is an ironclad certificate.

Third, look at feed quality. The quality of the feed is difficult to see with the naked eye. It is necessary to have some experience to see some problems. Generally, it can only be seen whether the thickness of the processing meets the requirements of the self, the matured feed can be observed to the degree of ripening, and the amount of fat added can be judged from the gloss. The color and smell reference is of little significance. Manufacturers can add lemon yellow to make the color golden. Adding fish musk misleading consumers thinks that the fish meal is added. Adding the beauty and whey to the whey powder, adding sweetness and adding sweetener and sweetener. Wait. These chemicals do not have any nutritional value, but increase the cost, and the increased cost will undoubtedly be paid for by consumers.

Second, feed ingredients

Many pig farmers or small and medium-sized pigs are self-contained feeds based on their distrust of feed manufacturers or in order to save costs. The success or failure of self-contained feed is not only the skill of formula technology, but also the quality of raw materials. There are many kinds of feed raw materials, which can be divided into mineral additives, vitamins, protein, energy feed, functional additives, etc., which can only be introduced briefly.

Mineral additives mainly include calcium, phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, magnesium, iodine, cobalt, selenium, chlorine, sodium, potassium, sulfur, chromium, etc. These raw materials are produced by chemical plants, and it is difficult for ordinary pig farmers to have The only way to identify the quality of the condition is to purchase a qualified feed-level production company to ensure that its content and harmful heavy metal salts do not exceed the standard. Some products have inorganic salts and chelates. Products in the form of chelates are easy to absorb and use, but they are expensive, so it is a waste for older animals with improved digestive function. The inorganic salt form of the product can be selected by us for the content and chemical structure. For example, copper sulfate has seven water, five water and one water. The ferrous sulfate has ordinary and anhydrous.

Vitamin additives are biochemical products. These products, especially water-soluble vitamins, are unstable under natural conditions and are easily oxidized and destroyed during storage and processing. Therefore, particle coating technology is very important. In general, pig farmers, including most feed enterprises, add some individual products to their special needs, and buy multivitamin products directly into the feed. The company and brand reputation are our only choice.

Protein feed ingredients include animal protein and vegetable protein. Animal protein amino acids are balanced, and pigs have high absorption rate, but generally have high fat content, and fat is easily oxidized and rancid, so it is as fresh as possible. When choosing, the main thing is to see if there is no scent, and the impurities are as little as possible. Plant protein is mainly used as a by-product of oil and fat processing, in which the mechanical pressing is called “cake”, and the by-product of extracting oil by leaching method is called “粕”. The main use of pig production is soybean meal, which is currently commercially available. All of them are produced by large-scale processing enterprises. The general quality can meet our requirements. When purchasing, the main inspections are not mildew. However, it is not ruled out that small processing enterprises and sellers are doing fake phenomenon. The old lady has seen soybean meal with corn flour or starch. The test method is relatively simple. After adding a little iodine, it turns blue and is mixed with fake. The iodine brown is not adulterated. Other cakes are also fresh and mold-free, but the raw cake is the second. Because the raw cake is not treated with high temperature, its anti-nutritional factors or toxic substances are not damaged. If the raw material is shelled, the more thoroughly the shell is, the better.

Energy feed ingredients are currently dominated by seed, with corn and rice being the best. Wheat is second, wheat is better than wheat in wheat, although sorghum energy is high, but because of the tannins, palatability is not good. Regardless of the variety, the lower the moisture content, the fresher the raw materials, and the better the seeds are. The widowers of food processing by-products are excellent in rice bran (about the use of rice bran, as described in the article in the previous article), which has good palatability, high crude protein content but limited energy. The woodcutter raw materials are easy to adulterate. The old cockroaches have seen rice bran mixed with husk ash (Tonglu), Maifu sand, talcum powder and peanut shell, but generally it is not difficult to identify with a little experience, such as mixing The glutinous rice bran is more handy; the talc-mixed Muff is more important, grab a hand on the palm, collect the powder on the palm, add some saliva without sticking, add the talcum powder, add the same hand of the peanut shell. Fat is a high-concentration energy feed material that can be added at low prices, especially in high-temperature pigs in summer, or in sow lactation. Energy feed accounts for the largest proportion of the whole feed ingredients, and slight mildew has a great impact on feed quality, so pay special attention to water content and mildew when purchasing. Pig farmers with experienced water content can judge by hand, such as low water mobility and relatively high hardness. However, the recessive mildew is often overlooked. It is necessary to pay attention to the suspicion that the germ is gray and gray.

There are many kinds of functional non-nutritional additives. It is impossible for this old lady to introduce them one by one. Just remember one thing: don't listen to the salesman blowing the ceiling, it is suitable for use after the production test is effective. For example, acidifiers may have a better effect when the piglet's digestive function is imperfect, but the big pig is not necessary. Anti-mildew and anti-oxidant preparations can also be saved because they have not been placed for a long time. The microecological preparations and the enzyme preparations are mixed, and the effect is very unstable. At present, most of the more popular fungicides only have the effect of adsorbing mycotoxins. The role of degrading mycotoxins is limited. As long as the raw materials are strictly controlled, they can be used completely.

Feed plays a decisive role in pig production. There are a lot of "learnings" in it. The above is just a personal experience of the old man. Your colleagues must have accumulated a lot of experience in production. The old man is just throwing bricks here. I hope that you will not be enlightened, and you will have a hard time in the current situation of the pig industry.