Superhard materials: leading the development of high-end manufacturing

Superhard materials and products represented by diamonds are known as "the hardest and sharpest industrial teeth". Aerospace, defense and military, as well as a variety of difficult materials processing problems in the field of photovoltaic and electronic information, in front of it.

In the eyes of scientists, single crystal diamond is not only "industrial teeth" but also "the ultimate semiconductor." At the China Superhard Materials Industry Development Symposium held on July 17, some experts even said that "there is no information industry without diamonds."

As a new material, superhard materials lead the development of high-end manufacturing in China.

Is expected to trigger a new generation of semiconductor technology revolution

According to Gan Yong, director of the National New Materials Industry Development Expert Advisory Committee and former vice president of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, superhard materials are an important and unique sector in the field of new materials and have been widely used in national economic construction.

"Industrial teeth" is well-deserved. Taking a diamond turning tool as an example, the radius of the cutting edge arc can be sharpened to a scanning electron microscope and can not be detected. It can be directly obtained by mirror cutting.

“Using the super-hard mechanical properties of diamond, it can process all the known materials in the world.” Li Zhihong, senior consultant of the Superhard Materials Branch of China Machine Tool Industry Association, told the Journal of Chinese Journal of Science and Technology, “Using its unparalleled thermo-acoustic performance. It can be used for astronaut cosmic ray protection, stealth and anti-corrosion of cutting-edge weapons and equipment, improving missile flight speed and strike accuracy, high-power laser detection, and can be used as a cutting-edge field for large-scale integrated circuits and LED new light source heat sinks."

Some mobile phones are hot in a dozen, and the temperature does not work because the semiconductor components are not resistant to high temperatures. Single crystal diamonds that combine the excellent properties of electricity, optics, mechanics, acoustics and thermals will solve this problem.

Diamond electronic devices have the advantages of small size, high integration, and no need for refrigeration compared to other semiconductor devices. Zhang Tao, a professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, believes that diamond will revolutionize the next generation of semiconductor technology.

The most cutting-edge material of "unknown"

“Superhard materials are indispensable high-performance materials in strategic emerging industries such as oil exploration and mining, machine tool machinery and automobile manufacturing, rail transit, nuclear power, defense and military and aerospace engineering, and photovoltaic and electronic information.” Yong said.

However, apart from the industry, these are not known to people. Zhang Tao teased: "The most cutting-edge materials are also 'unknown' materials."

By the end of 2017, China's synthetic diamond production has accounted for more than 90% of the world's total output, and cubic boron nitride production has accounted for more than 70% of the world's total. China has become a veritable superhard material manufacturing and manufacturing country.

Although the product quality technology of China's superhard materials has reached the world's advanced level in general, Gan Yong said frankly, "there are short-boards in some high-end industries."

For example, in the field of hard alloy bar grooved grinding wheels, the high-end market is basically monopolized by developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Germany. Although the domestic super-hard material grinding wheel preparation technology has been developing, the sharpness and shape retention of the grinding wheel Contradiction is still a major problem in slotted grinding wheels.

"Products that are small in quantity and variety, companies don't want to do it, but short boards are often in these places." Tian Yongjun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said bluntly.

This poses a challenge to the innovation and sustainability of the superhard materials industry. To this end, Tian Yongjun said that while the state attaches importance to scientific research, it should also lean toward related industries, and high-end frontiers cannot rely on imports.

Mentougou pyrophyllite

The development of any material is inseparable from the support of raw materials. Pyrophyllite is an insulation, insulation, sealing and pressure transfer medium that must be used and is irreplaceable for the production of superhard materials.

“Although the pyrophyllite deposits in China have a certain distribution, the pyrophyllite mines in the Mentougou District of Beijing have proved to be the most suitable for the synthesis of superhard materials due to special geological genesis.” China Machine Tool Industry Association Superhard Materials Branch Technical Expert Committee Commissioner Cui Xiangren once conducted a sampling survey of several major producing areas of pyrophyllite in China. It was found that the unique properties of the pyrophyllite in Beijing Mentougou are irreplaceable by pyrophyllite in any other region.

Beijing Mentougou pyrophyllite is a high-aluminum type. Its main feature is that its thermal insulation and pressure-conducting properties are superior to those of domestic similar ores at high temperatures, and its physicochemical properties are more stable. Therefore, it is most widely used in synthetic diamond manufacturing, accounting for more than 98% of the industry's consumption.

“Moutougou pyrophyllite has made an indelible contribution to the start, development and growth of China's superhard materials industry,” said Wang Ming, a researcher at the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Yanshan University. “I hope to continue to uphold the concept of green, environmental protection and sustainable development. In the new era, we will make greater contributions to the development of China's superhard materials industry, make greater contributions to the development of national strategic emerging industries, and make greater contributions to the realization of the "China Manufacturing 2025" national strategic goal."

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