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/*728*90 created on 2018/5/16*/ var cpro_id = "u3440131"; Home>Bearing knowledge>Analysis of energy loss and application of motorcycle initiator Analysis of the energy loss and application of motorcycle initiator
The initiator is a mechanical device that uses some kind of fuel to generate power; the machine converts fuel into thermal energy; the machine that turns into mechanical energy at the end. The initiator is divided into internal combustion engine and external combustion engine according to incineration method (only the internal combustion engine is commented on here); Piston type and gas turbine type, according to the piston movement method; divided into reciprocating and rotating type, according to the use; can also be divided into automotive, engineering machinery, marine, agricultural and motorcycle, etc. Motorcycle originator belongs to the internal combustion engine field Usually used reciprocating piston layout. /*250*250 was created on 2017/12/25*/ var cpro_id = 'u3171089';
Initiators that are assembled according to certain skill requirements; their function is good or bad; demand is tested; and the test requires some identification specifications; these specifications are so-called utility goals. The functional goals of the initiator are usually divided into two categories; The target obtained by calculating the power on the piston is the target of the base; the target is the target of the crankshaft output power; it is called the useful target. The target of the initiator includes the power and economy. Mainly refers to power, torque and speed; economics mainly refers to fuel and smooth fuel consumption rate and thermal power; and operational utility targets (cold mobilization, noise and exhaust quality), etc. The various functional objectives of the initiator are mutual influence, Restricted by each other; the origin of the different uses of the machine is not the same as the demand for the function. The so-called high-quality initiator; is under the detailed conditions; the initiator of the various skills needs to be reasonably consistent.
In the internal combustion engine; the power indicates the connection between the input and the output; the power of the initiator is equal to the ratio of the output power of the initiator to the power that can be obtained when the fuel is incinerated. The power of the initiator has two goals: mechanical power and thermal power. The mechanical power is equal to the ratio of the useful power to the indicated power. The mechanical power of the gasoline initiator is usually 0. 8-0. 9. The thermal power is the ratio of the amount of heat used to do work after the fuel is incinerated to the total heat that can occur. The heat generated by the complete incineration of the fuel; some are taken away by the engine cooling system; some are discharged with the exhaust gas; as long as less heat is used for work. Therefore, the thermal power of the internal combustion engine is very low; usually the four-stroke gasoline engine is 20%~ 25%; even a high-function initiator; its thermal power is less than 30%. That is to say; useful energy for fuel incineration; as long as less than 1/3 is useful; then there are more than 2/3 of heat Where did you go after all? In order to figure out this problem; we need to know the various energy losses of the initiator.
We know that the mixture gas generates a lot of heat when it is incinerated; the pressure is also greatly increased. Then the work done by the gas on the piston in a working cycle can be fully changed from the crankshaft output of the initiator. Is it useful? The answer can be negated. This is because the initiator has a lot of work in the process of intake, exhaust, incineration, collision of moving parts (mainly conflict between piston ring and cylinder wall), smooth oil viscosity, etc. The heat energy of incineration is not fully converted into useful work; as long as less heat is involved in propelling the piston and the crankshaft rotates; some of them are exhausted to the atmosphere; some of the energy loss is called exhaust loss; exhaust loss About 40% of the total energy. Generally, textbooks refer to the loss of intake and exhaust as pumping loss. Normally; when the piston reaches the bottom dead center; the exhaust valve needs to be opened early; if the exhaust valve does not open early The in-cylinder exhaust pressure can still push the piston down. Because the exhaust valve opens early; the launcher loses some energy; this loss and pumping loss are added together called loss of ventilation.
The next energy loss is the loss of cooling. After the fuel is incinerated; some heat is transferred to the oil. The temperature of the metal parts is too high, which will cause a series of problems; if the temperature of the oil is too high, the oil will be smoothed. For this, it is necessary to carry out some of the above. Cooling; this requires the placement of cooling fans, radiators and oil coolers; the use of the above cooling equipment to cool the initiator; and the end of the heat to the atmosphere. Normally; cooling loss accounts for about 20% of the total energy.
These are lost; they are all happening in the incinerator of the initiator. On the initiator of the practice; because the various conflicts are lost; the power of the practice output will be further reduced.
1. The conflict between the piston ring and the cylinder wall. The piston ring is adhered to the cylinder wall by its own elastic force. Therefore, there is a conflict resistance between the outer circle of the ring and the inner wall of the device ring; that is, when the piston ring is deformed The outer circumference of the piston ring must be moved; thus there is a conflict that prevents movement; thus, the load required for deformation of the piston ring is increased; this collision is lost with the elastic force of the piston ring, the thickness of the ring, and the number of rings. Just proportional.
2. The sliding conflict between each bearing and crankshaft is lost.
3. Loss of power generated by the crankshaft drive gas distribution organization and various auxiliary machines (such as oil pump, water pump, electric fan).
4. Loss of conflict caused by smooth oil viscosity and viscosity temperature characteristics. Progressive smooth oil viscosity can add smooth oil film thickness; that is, add its ability to accept load; add smooth reliability. However; together will add conflict loss; The conflicting parts of the internal conflicting parts are large; usually above 0.55 m2. These surfaces are covered with a layer of smooth oil; when the movement speed of the parts is fast; even if the viscosity of the smooth oil is slightly added; The loss will increase a lot; the power available to the initiator will be reduced accordingly; the fuel consumption will increase. In addition, some motorcycle users will reduce the motion noise of the initiator; intentionally use the high viscosity smooth oil. Because of the high viscosity of the oil; The conflicting resistance between the parts increases; this not only increases the wear and tear of the parts; but also the heat energy declared after the fuel is burned; it will cost more to become a conflict; to overcome the added conflicting force; The useful power of the machine. According to the experiment, the SAE-20W50 smooth oil is about 10% higher than the SAE-10W30 smooth oil consumption. Not only that; the smooth oil with large viscosity; its cold . This effect is relatively poor because of the large viscosity of the lubricating oil circulation is slow; cooled natural heat dissipation effect poor.
These are all mentioned above; it is assumed that the gasoline in the cylinder is fully incinerated; that is, the carbon and hydrogen atoms in the gasoline are completely oxidized; carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) occur; in practice, it is impossible to reach the engine base. This level. Because of various reasons; the incineration of the initiator is not enough; unburned hydrocarbons (CH) will inevitably occur; so that the heat of the gasoline cannot be completely released. The incineration power is often used to evaluate the quality of the incineration. This side; the shape of the incinerator, the function of the carburetor, the function of the incineration system, the power of the intake, etc. all directly affect the incineration power of the initiator (due to the length of the space; content in this regard; not to be repeated).
In summary; the energy of the initiator is lost through various costs and transmissions; the power left to drive the motorcycle is extremely limited. The user has purchased some type of motorcycle; its launcher layout and transmission power are now Fundamental stereotypes. In order to fully utilize the limited energy of the initiator; we need to learn to use it properly and protect it during the application process. To do this; keep in mind the following key points:
1. Properly launch. From the initiator to the smooth oil, the liquid smooth oil film is completely formed between the conflicting surfaces; the demand passes through a certain moment. At this moment; because the smooth surface is lack of oil supply; the wear rate is high. To the situation of movement; demand to overcome the larger torque and resistance of the machine. Therefore; in order to make the launcher run smoothly; should not open the incineration switch; pre-tread the pedals several times; to eliminate the moving parts of the initiator Block resistance. For example, the vehicle only needs to start the equipment; it can be used in the case of the launcher; pinch the clutch handle; promote the vehicle several meters;
2, reasonable oil selection. Smooth oil in addition to smoothing and other effects; also has the function of exporting conflict heat from the motorcycle parts. The amount of smooth oil flowing through the moving parts such as bearings in the unit time increases; the derived heat is also added accordingly Progressive smooth oil pressure and low viscosity smooth oil can add smooth oil circulation in a smooth system. Therefore, users should use oil in different areas; carefully select oil according to local environmental temperature and practical road conditions. Because some Most of the vehicles travel in busy urban areas; often encounter traffic lights and stop when they are open; the launching machine frequently starts; the crankcase oil temperature is low; even if the vehicle is not low in temperature, it is better to use low-viscosity oil. Also contact the skills of the initiator; if the vehicle has just passed the running-in period; the car is in good condition; the wear is very good. ∮ ∮ ã–鹊 ã–鹊 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如Some; the best to participate in suitable additives (such as JB Baoshen). The smooth oil that pays attention to the filling should not be too much; the excessive smooth oil not only increases the resistance of the crankshaft operation; Normal cooling pedestal moving parts in addition; To view often smooth and lubricating oil pressure pump can filter foreign matter adhered thereon; repair or replacement, as appropriate, be associated parts.
3, when the protection. Motorcycles work in a variety of environments; dust, dirt, fine sand and other foreign matter in the air will inevitably be inhaled by the initiator. If the air filter element is poorly sealed; it will definitely form the abrasive wear and pollution of the cylinder Engine oil. The oil filter can accumulate solid particles and viscous materials in the oil in the filter element; if the filter element is blocked and not finished in time; the oil can not pass through the filter element; still bring the dirt back to a smooth point; promote the wear of the conflicting auxiliary parts of the initiator If the motorcycle travels in a harsh environment for a long time; it is necessary to shorten the protection and protection period properly. In addition, it should be in the protection time; pay attention to whether the transmission can have abnormal wear (especially the toothed belt of the scooter). ) appearance.
4. Proper conditioning. The initiator is in the process of operation; the energy declared after fuel incineration; one is used to overcome mechanical wear and heat loss; to maintain the normal operation of the initiator. Therefore, any addition of mechanical load will result in Initiator conflict resistance is added. Because some motorcycle users are looking for the lightness of the machine operation; when adjusting the semi-automatic tensioning structure (such as CB125T straddle motorcycle); often use the method of pressing the timing chain; The faulty adjustment method not only adds the crankshaft working resistance; it also forms the deformation of the camshaft bushing; it causes the camshaft journal to wear abnormally; it is necessary to correct it.
5, pay attention to installation. In the mechanical manufacturing; crankshaft body parts processing reference is two pin side; that is, the crankcase box surface is the processing plane; positioning the pin hole on the left and right sides of the box; then processing the crankshaft, the transmission spindle , the auxiliary shaft, the shift drum, the shift fork shaft, the shift shaft, the launching shaft, etc.; the azimuth between these shaft holes is only about 0. 015mm.
6. Sliding downhill. When the motorcycle is running on a road that is flat or on a lower slope; it can be used to speed up the storage of the kinetic energy to make the vehicle slide; at this moment, the inertia is carried forward. Focusing on speeding up at the end of the time cannot exceed the economy. 10% of the upper limit of the speed; the speed of the end of the taxi is not less than 10% of the lower limit of the economic speed. This repeatedly changes the speed of the vehicle; not only can the kinetic energy of the motorcycle be fully promoted and used; some parts of the initiator are often "bearing". "And "unloading" changes. Parts will not overheat; wear is also better. 扌 醒 醒 ã¡å˜¶æ°–褂 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 倜 . . . . . . . . .
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Analysis of the energy loss and application of motorcycle initiator
Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2017-12-19