Problems in fertilization of fruit trees and improvement methods

Fertilizer ratio is not scientific. Many fruit farmers in production only pay attention to the application of ammonia and phosphorus, ignoring the application of potassium and trace elements, which makes the quality of fruit difficult to improve, and the phenomenon of large and small years is serious.

Improvement method: carry out soil testing and formula fertilization. On the basis of sufficient amount of organic fertilizer, the three elements are applied reasonably and scientifically. If there are symptoms of deficiency, it must be combined with the application of organic fertilizer to supplement trace elements or external application.

The amount of fertilizer applied is not scientific. Fertilization standards are difficult to reunify everywhere. Most fruit farmers only use their experience and reference materials to fertilize. It often causes excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, which causes the tree to be greedy and difficult to flower: some of the phosphorus fertilizer is too much, causing zinc deficiency symptoms; Excessive potassium fertilizer causes physiological symptoms such as calcium deficiency.

Improvement method: According to the principle of balanced fertilization, determine the amount of different fertilizer application by investigating the soil nutrient status and the reasonable crop yield forecast.

The period of fertilizer application is not scientific. In the production, many fruit farmers do not pay attention to the autumn fertilizer, and they do not pay much attention to the staged fertilization, which directly affects the quality and yield of the fruit.

Improvement method: ( 1 ) Autumn application base fertilizer. The advantages of autumn-based base fertilizer: First, the fruit tree can absorb the fertilizer applied in the peak of the root growth in autumn; the second is the base fertilizer in autumn, the root of the wound can heal in time, and the influence on the tree potential is small. In the spring, the base fertilizer is the opposite. The applied fertilizer can not be absorbed and utilized at the time, and when the roots are broken, it affects the tree potential and even affects the fruit set and flower bud differentiation. ( 2 ) Fertilization by stages. Staged fertilization can reduce the waste of fertilizer caused by one-time fertilization and even cause fat damage. Generally speaking, during the fertilization period, it is necessary to pay attention to the base fertilizer in autumn, 60 % to 80 % of the phosphate fertilizer should be applied in the form of base fertilizer, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer. 60 % of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring , and appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied in the summer fruit expansion period and flower bud differentiation stage. Most of the potassium fertilizer should be applied in the young fruit expansion period and 20 days before fruit coloring .

Fertilizer management is unscientific. In the production, many fruit farmers pay more attention to fertilization work, but often ignore the watering work. Although a lot of fertilization, due to soil drought, the fertilizer efficiency cannot be maximized, which has a great impact on fruit yield and quality.

Improvement method: timely watering after fertilization, and timely watering when the soil shows drought. In areas with water shortage, tree straw can be covered to maintain soil moisture and increase soil organic matter.