2018 sorghum production technical guidance

Sorghum is drought-resistant, anti-mite, salt-tolerant, and resistant to inferiority. It can be used in many applications such as wine making, feed, edible, vinegar, energy, etc. It is one of the important crops to promote the adjustment of planting structure. In order to fully tap the production potential of China's sorghum, further meet market demand, and promote farmers to increase production and income, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Small-scale Grain and Bean Experts Steering Group and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center proposed 2018 sorghum production technical guidance.

First, the northern spring broadcast early maturing area

The district includes Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces (districts), Hebei Chengde, Zhangjiakou, Shanxi, northwestern Shaanxi, Ningxia arid region, central Gansu and Hexi regions, northern Xinjiang plains and basins.

(1) Choose good varieties. According to the resource endowment and production conditions of different regions, scientifically and rationally select varieties. First, choose to pass the national or provincial review (prescription) or registration, marketable, and processed and transformed varieties. The second is suitable for local climate and soil conditions, which can fully utilize the light and temperature conditions, and ensure safe and mature and high yield. Generally, the land with good fertilizer and water conditions, sorghum grows fast, matures early, can grow varieties with longer growth period, and the thin land should be planted with short growth period. Third, the areas with high mechanized production level have the characteristics of short plant height (less than 1.6 m), strong top soil strength, dense planting, moderate stalk extension, and difficult to fall off grain. Fourth, scattered areas should be selected in areas with abundant rainfall, and medium-tight varieties can be selected in areas with less rainfall.

(2) Site selection and land preparation. Sorghum should not be repeated, and it is advisable to choose corn, soybeans, etc. According to the requirements of sorghum on the soil, after harvesting in the autumn, grasp the ridges, water storage and conservation, and prolong the time of soil ripening, and achieve the purpose of “Spring, Autumn, Spring, Spring and Autumn”. Generally, the depth of cultivation is 25 cm and the distance between the ridges is 50-60 cm. In the autumn, the ridgeless field can be used as a ridge in the spring to preserve the surface moisture of the soil and promote seed germination.

(3) Sowing at the right time. The sowing date was determined according to the growth period of the variety, the ground temperature and the soil moisture. Generally 10 cm of plough layer, the ground temperature is stable at about 12 °C, and the soil water content is 15%-20% (mostly early May). Late-maturing varieties are broadcast early and early, and early-maturing varieties are broadcast in due course. The mountainous areas, slopes and sunny plots with severe spring drought should be broadcast early in time, low-lying and easy to spread, and the plain plots should be broadcast late.

(4) Reasonable close planting. The basic seedlings are determined according to the characteristics of the variety, ecological conditions, soil fertility and production habits. The basic seedlings for granules are generally between 7000 and 12,000, and the special varieties are up to 20,000, with a seeding rate of 1-1.5 kg per mu. When the precision seeding machine is planted, it must be cleaned and sun-baked to ensure that the seed size is uniform and uniform, and the seeding rate per acre is 0.5-0.75 kg.

(5) Field management.

1. Miao weeding. The precision sowing plots can be used for chemical weeding by spraying appropriate herbicides before emergence. The artificial seedlings are carried out in the 4-6 leaf stage, and the weeding can be combined with the intercropping and cultivating for 2 times.

2. Fertilizer management. It is necessary to fertilize in stages, increase the application of base fertilizer, apply sufficient fertilizer, and timely apply fertilizer. Generally, 3000 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu, 20-25 kg of pure nitrogen, 6-8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3-5 kg ​​of potassium oxide, which can be appropriately adjusted according to local soil conditions and target yield. Farmyard manure as base fertilizer, 30% of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer combined with seeding for one-time application, 60% of nitrogen fertilizer for jointing fertilizer and 10% for granular fertilizer. Pay attention to seed and fertilizer when applying fertilizer to prevent burning. Sorghum is drought-tolerant and tolerant, but jointing and booting and heading are the key period of water demand. If it is dry, it should be watered in time.

3. Pest control. Aphids, aphids, armyworms, and head smut are common pests and diseases of sorghum, which can be controlled by selecting resistant varieties, adapting to local conditions, seed treatment, timely sowing, and proper chemical treatment.

4. Harvest at the right time. The optimum harvesting period is at the end of the waxing stage. At this time, the harvested seeds are full, the yield is the highest, and the rice quality is the best. The machine can be harvested using a combine harvester.

Second, the northern spring broadcast late maturing area

The district includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, the eastern and southern parts of Gansu, the Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia, the southern Xinjiang and Dongjiang basins in Xinjiang.

(1) Preparation before the broadcast. Choose corn, soybeans, etc. to grow sorghum. After the harvest in the autumn and autumn, the straw is returned to the field in time, and the hoe is ploughed and ploughed. The depth of the ploughing is more than 25 cm, so that there is no leakage and no sloping. Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Liaoning are generally dry, and the ridge area should be ridged in the fall and timely suppressed; Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, and Xinjiang are generally irrigated, and 7-10 days after spring irrigation, the fertilizer is applied in time. Rotary tillage is to be broadcast.

(2) Sowing at the right time. Due to the low temperature in early spring, avoid early sowing, it is appropriate to broadcast at appropriate, so that Miao Qi Miao Zhuang, to avoid the damage of soil-borne diseases such as silk smut. The sowing date is determined based on the variety growth period, ground temperature and soil moisture. Generally 10 cm of plough layer, the ground temperature is stable at about 12 °C, and the soil water content is 15%-20% (mostly in early May).

(3) Reasonable close planting. The basic seedlings of granules with sorghum are between 7000 and 12,000, and the seeding rate per acre is 1-5. The precision machine broadcasts 0.5-0.75 kg per acre.

(4) Field management. Refer to the spring spring sowing early maturity area.

Third, Huanghuaichun, summer broadcast area

This area includes parts of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hebei and other provinces. Both spring sowing sorghum and summer sowing sorghum are planted. Spring sowing sorghum is mostly distributed on relatively low-lying low-lying and saline-alkali land, and summer sowing sorghum is mainly distributed on flat-fertilized land.

(1) Select the variety. The spring sowing sorghum is often used in the late-maturing area, and the summer-sowed sorghum is used as the summer sorghum crop. There is plenty of rainfall in this area, and it is advisable to choose medium-slurry varieties to prevent the occurrence of panicle diseases. In addition, mechanized harvesting, whether it is used for green feeding, etc. should also be considered.

(2) Preparation before the broadcast. Timely slashing and ploughing, turning over the ground, and ploughing more than 25 cm, so that there is no leakage and no sloping.

(3) Sowing at the right time. The sowing date was determined according to the growth period of the variety, the ground temperature and the soil moisture. Spring sowing generally 10 cm of plough layer, the ground temperature is stable at around 12 °C, and the soil water content is 15%-20% (mostly in late April). Summer sowing is planted in time after summer harvest to prevent insufficient growth period. Saline-alkali land needs to be covered by film.

(4) Reasonable close planting. The granules are used in the basic seedlings of sorghum and 6,000-1000 plants, and the acreage is 1.0-1.5 kg. The precision seeding machine sown acreage of 0.5-0.75 kg.

(5) Field management. Refer to the spring sowing early maturity area.

Fourth, the southern spring broadcast area

The area includes the southern part of Central China, all of South China and Southwest China. It has a wide geographical distribution and is mostly planted in a small number. The provinces with relatively abundant plantings include Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hunan and other provinces (cities).

(1) Select the variety. This area is planted with a variety of cockroaches.

(2) Site selection and land preparation. Choose a plot with more than moderate soil fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage. After harvesting winter rapeseed, potatoes, vegetables, etc., timely tidying up the land and making the car 3-4 meters, open the trench and side ditch to facilitate drainage.

(3) Sowing at the right time. Most of the planting methods in this area are seedling transplanting. The sowing time is 10 cm, the ground temperature is stable at about 12 °C, and the soil water content is 15%-20% (early March). It is suitable for early seeding, dilute sowing, and sufficient labor for nutrient soil seedlings. It is advisable to cover the arch frame with seedlings.

(4) Reasonable close planting. Planted at an appropriate time, seedling age 25-30 days, no later than 35 days (leaf age 6 leaves around) transplanting. After using the rain, rushing or filling the water, transplanting, and applying the manure after planting. Reasonable close planting, the basic seedlings per mus of granules are generally 5000-7000.

(5) Field management. Apply 3000 kg of farmyard manure, 10-15 kg of pure nitrogen, 5-8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 5-8 kg of potassium oxide per mu. The farmer's fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, 60% of the phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are applied once after transplanting, and 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as joint fertilizer. Pest control and timely harvest are consistent with the early spring sowing area in the north. (Agricultural and Rural Ministry Xiaozong Grain Bean Expert Guidance Group National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center)