How to prepare clean freshwater is a subject that many researchers around the world have been working on. On January 20, the Peninsula reporter learned from an interview with the Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Qingdao that the Membrane Separation and Catalysis Team led by Jiang Heqing of the institute proposed a composite strategy using nanomaterials of different dimensions to realize the microstructure of the photothermal film surface. Regulation, thereby improving the light capture efficiency, and obtaining the ideal light-heat evaporation efficiency. This study is expected to promote the application of solar-powered clean freshwater production and achieve efficient, green, sustainable seawater desalination and freshwater protection under emergency conditions. In recent years, inspired by the natural water cycle process, the use of sunlight to drive water evaporation to obtain clean freshwater has attracted widespread attention. The technology is expected to be used as an emergency method in situations of shipwreck, survival in the wild, or survival in underdeveloped areas. However, under natural evaporation conditions, the utilization of sunlight is low and the actual evaporation is slow. To this end, researchers in the field have been trying to apply photothermal film materials with good light absorption and photothermal conversion capabilities to solar driven evaporation systems to increase evaporation efficiency. The reporter learned that a large number of previous studies have shown that a rough surface with a controllable microstructure can effectively reduce the diffuse reflectance of light and achieve effective absorption of all wavelengths of sunlight, which is conducive to efficient water evaporation. However, the construction method of the surface microstructure is more complicated and often requires special equipment or means to assist in the completion, which increases the difficulty and cost of preparing the membrane material. In response to the above problems, the Membrane Separation and Catalysis Team led by Jiang Heqing, a researcher of Qingdao Energy Institute, proposed a composite strategy that uses different dimensions of nanomaterials to achieve the regulation of the surface microstructure of the photothermal film, thereby improving the light trapping efficiency and achieving ideal photothermal evaporation effectiveness. Scientists introduced that by combining two-dimensional graphene with one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, they achieved perturbation of the ordered structure of a single component, thereby increasing the surface roughness of the photothermal film. Through the optimization of this surface microstructure, the diffuse reflection in the solar spectrum can be reduced to 4.7% or less, and the surface temperature of the film under illumination reaches 77°C. In addition, this surface microstructure exhibits disordered packing, which can increase the porosity within the film and is conducive to the transport and diffusion of water molecules in the film. Compared with natural evaporation, the efficiency of the evaporation process based on this kind of nanocomposite photothermal film is increased by 190%, and the utilization rate of sunlight is more than 80%. Researchers said that the preparation of such photothermal composite films is simple and can be constructed on different porous substrates, expanding the practical application potential under different water systems. It can not only maintain stable performance in simulated water samples containing acid, alkali, and organic pollutants, but also can accelerate water evaporation in seawater with different salt content and exhibit excellent freshwater production capacity. This study is expected to promote the application of solar-powered clean freshwater production and achieve efficient, green, sustainable seawater desalination and freshwater protection under emergency conditions. The relevant research results have been published in authoritative academic publications.
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Qingdao Energy obtains ideal photo-thermal evaporation efficiency