Sow intestinal health and antibiotic use

The intestine is an important organ of digestion and absorption, and it is also an important immune organ. The research on intestinal health is often concentrated on piglets, and it is rarely concerned with the intestines of sows. The sows are the production machines of pig farms. Its health directly affects the health and growth of piglets. Today, Xiaobian focuses on the health of sows and the use of antibiotics. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The intestine is used as a digestive and absorbing organ. After the food is digested by the gastric juice and emulsified by the bile, most of the nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. The water and salt are absorbed in the large intestine and then transported to various tissues and organs through the blood. But the operation of the factory itself also consumes a lot of nutrients and energy. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The intestinal mucosa is highly secreted and highly proliferative. The protein turnover of growing intestinal mucosa is 10 times that of muscle tissue, and that of adult animals is 30 times. It is only 2-3 days for the adult small intestine mucosa to be completely renewed. Studies have shown that the intestines of adult pigs account for about 5% of body weight, and the nutrients consumed account for about 50% of the nutrients consumed by animals, energy consumption accounts for about 25% of systemic consumption, and protein turnover accounts for about the whole body turnover. The rate is 20-50%. It can be seen that the intestines are not just an absorption plant, but also a huge energy-consuming machine. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The nutritional supply to maintain intestinal mucosal growth and development is unique. The nutrients required for tissues and organs in other parts of the body are supplied by systemic arterial blood, and 70% of the nutrients required for intestinal mucosal growth are supplied by intravenous nutrition directly digested in the intestine. Under normal circumstances, when the sow is in a healthy state, the nutrients in the diet can basically meet the needs of their own growth and reproduction. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

Under the current level of feeding management in China, the sow herd is mostly in a sub-health state, especially the sub-health of the intestine caused by antibiotics. Pig's intestine is a complex internal environment, including food residues, decomposition products, proteases, immunoglobulins, viruses, probiotics, pathogenic bacteria and their metabolites exotoxin, endotoxin and other pathogenic factors. When the components in the intestine are in a state of balance, the body exhibits a healthy state, and when the balance is impacted and causes an imbalance, the body is unhealthy. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

There are more than 30 genera and more than 500 kinds of microorganisms in the intestine of pigs, including aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. Most of the probiotics in the intestine are mainly anaerobic bacteria, mainly consisting of obligate anaerobic Bifidobacterium, anaerobic Lactobacillus, facultative anaerobic Lactococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus. Anaerobic bacteria occupy a large number of advantages, about 99%, and facultative anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria are about 1%. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

The long-term incorrect use of antibiotics kills probiotics while killing pathogenic bacteria, destroying the intestinal micro-ecological balance and causing the growth of the flora. The reduction of probiotics leads to a decrease in intestinal digestion and defense functions, and is also detrimental to the establishment of microecological balance in piglets. When the piglet is born, the body is in a sterile state, and the intestinal flora is established mainly by contact with the sow and the microbial microorganisms. The antibiotic abuse causes the drug-resistant pathogen to invade the piglet and is ineffective after treatment with antibiotics. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

In the hot season in summer, in order to better heat, the pig's blood flows to the body surface, the gastrointestinal motility is slowed down, the digestion and absorption rate of feed and nutrition is low, and the anorexia during lactation is common, constipation is common. Mucosal bleeding occurs after constipation causes mechanical damage to the intestinal mucosa. Exotoxin and endotoxin produced by a large number of bacteria in the large intestine invade the bloodstream, resulting in decreased sow inflammation and resistance. Timely coagulation can alleviate the effects of toxins. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

However, antibiotics can cause poor coagulation of the mucosa: First, the probiotics in the intestine can synthesize VK2, which acts as the main component of the prothrombin activation enzyme. VK2 can activate prothrombin and clotting the wound. Antibiotics kill probiotics, leading to a decrease in VK2 content. Second, many antibiotics have hepatotoxicity, which causes liver function damage. The liver is a place of synthesis of prothrombin. The reduction of prothrombin synthesis and the decrease of VK2 cause coagulation. . W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry

In short, in the sub-health state, the intestines are still unable to meet the energy needs of their own digestion and absorption, and they are unable to meet the body's needs for growth and reproduction. Therefore, the health of the sow, especially the intestinal health, is essential for growth and reproduction. The long-term abuse of antibiotics should be avoided as much as possible to maintain the healthy and healthy development of the farm and continuously optimize the efficiency of the farm. W2x China Feed Industry Information Network - based on feed, serving animal husbandry