From the insulator to the conductor or even the superconductor liquid helium is squeezed into "metal" under high pressure

A joint research team at Sandia National Laboratories and Rostow University in Germany has successfully squeezed liquid helium (heavy hydrogen) into metalloids under high pressure, closer to the ultimate goal of producing solid metal hydrogen. The research results are published in the latest issue of Science.

æ°˜ is a stable morphological isotope of hydrogen. The element symbol is generally D or 2H. Its nucleus consists of a proton and a neutron. It is about 7000 of the normal hydrogen in nature and can be used for thermonuclear reactions. Known as "the future of natural fuels." Back in 1935, two researchers, Freibert Huntington and Eugene Wigner, first proposed that the theory that metallic hydrogen can be obtained under ultra-high pressure is indeed possible, that is, liquid or solid hydrogen at millions of atmospheres. It becomes a conductor under high pressure, and since it is a metal characteristic, it is called metal hydrogen. Since then, various research teams have tried to obtain metal hydrogen samples to prove that this theory is correct, but so far, it has not been successful. Nevertheless, theorists concluded that metal hydrogen is a high-temperature superconductor and is a high-density, high-energy storage material.

According to a recent report by the Physicist Network, researchers have used techniques based on squeezing samples between two diamond tips, hoping to turn hydrogen-rich compounds into metalloids. However, due to the problem of excessive reaction of the sample material, the study found that the use of a double diamond tip method is unlikely to achieve the final result.

In this experiment, the researchers chose another route and developed a new way to increase stress without causing other problems. They used a large Z machine from Sandia National Laboratories that created a 20 mega-Gauss magnetic field, which first pressurized the liquid helium sample and then vibrated and moved by the Z machine through an electrode, which in turn hit the helium of the front container. Causes a shock wave to pass through the sample, allowing it to be further compressed. After the material was concentrated, the researchers used a common method of metal identification to measure the extent to which the sample reflected light. The test results show that when the sample is condensed, it can be reflected from a transparent state. This clearly shows that the liquid helium has changed from an insulator to a piece of metal.

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