Tens of thousands of underground safety systems built in Yunnan Coal Mine

Emergency refuge chamber built at 1,150 meters below Maitreya white coal mine

There is no smelly packed toilet, a spacious hall, healthy tap water and food. Interested people can read books and listen to music. This is not at home. It is an emergency refuge built at 1,150 meters below the Maitreya Coal Mine. Room, which contains the "six major systems" for underground coal mine safety hedging, formed a coal mine underground "safe island."

monitor

Ability to locate the miner's location and information

Tuoba Coal Mine is located in the city of Maitreya, Honghe, about 2 kilometers away from the county seat. It was built in 1958 and originally designed for a production capacity of 90,000 tons/year and is a small coal mine. After transformation, the approved production capacity in 2012 was 100,000 tons/year, and there were more than 300 employees.

Lu Guoliang, chairman of Tubai Coal Mine, introduced the “six major systems” for underground safety hedging in coal mines, including mine monitoring and monitoring systems, underground personnel positioning systems, underground emergency hedging systems, mine pressure self-rescue systems, mine water supply and rescue systems, and communications. The system costs nearly 10 million yuan.

Walking into the mine's dispatch room, technicians in front of the general console are carefully monitoring more than 10 displays and are closely watching the situation in each operation area. At present, Maitreya has built three levels of monitoring and monitoring platforms at the municipal, township, and coal mining enterprises. If a situation such as gas exceedance is encountered, the three-level command center will also report an alarm. In the mottled white coal mine, through the monitoring and monitoring system, dynamic monitoring of carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, wind speed, etc. can be achieved, providing decision-making basis for mine safety management.

The first 10 or more electronic information screens in the control room's general console can monitor the position of underground personnel in real time. Just click on the mine work area and you can find the location of each miner, as well as basic information such as the name of the miner.

Experience

The mine is bright and spacious with a lounge

Recently, the reporter wore overalls, water boots, a hard hat, a miner's lamp, and an identification card to enter the mine. The so-called identification card is similar to the key buckle size device. Regardless of where the person is, the positioning system can locate the personal location and information through the identification card.

After more than 10 minutes of miners dedicated "metro", came to more than 1,100 meters underground. In the well, it feels cool and the space is bright and spacious. The underground not only has professional call tools to keep in touch with the ground in real time, but also has water supply facilities and places where miners can take a short break.

Tuoba Coal Mine has achieved mechanized operation. There are probes in the mining face and in many places in the well to monitor temperature and wind speed. Among them, there are probes to detect gas. Which route and distance each miner takes is recorded.

Came to 1150 meters underground, the reporter saw the red lanterns in the emergency shelter. Zhao Ruixu, a technician, introduced that this emergency shelter is the crystallization of the six major systems. It cost 2.3 million yuan to build this dormitory. When miners are in distress and hid in shelters, they can avoid the risk for 96 hours, where water, food, and oxygen supply are no problem. The convention can accommodate 50 people. The waterproof door of the refuge chamber is a Navy submarine watertight door that can withstand 100 meters of water pressure.

Bedroom

Equipped with enough food, water and oxygen

There are two exits for the refuge chamber, two sets of doors for each exit, and air curtains and other facilities at the entrance.

After entering the door, you can see that the inside is more than 40 meters long, 4 meters high and 8 meters wide. It is like entering a large living room of a wealthy family with two packed toilets and two rows of stainless steel chairs. In the dormitory, there are not only food, but also tap water, exhaust pipes, and telephones. The lighting is good for reading newspapers and listening to music.

Most importantly, the refuge chamber is equipped with enough food, water, and oxygen. In the evacuation chamber, there are two sets of oxygen supply equipment. Continuous fresh oxygen makes people feel relaxed and comfortable.

According to reports, the mopping coal mine emergency emergency hedging system of the Tubai Coal Industry Co., Ltd. was built in a 1,150-meter horizontal well bottom depot, using existing roadways to provide safety protection in the permanent evacuation chamber, oxygen supply, environmental purification, refrigeration and dehumidification (Temperature and humidity control) Power protection, indoor lighting and outdoor instruction, self-rescue of pressure, environmental monitoring, communication and communication, water supply and rescue, personnel positioning, exhaust, survival guarantee, and subsidiary systems.

In this emergency avoidance system, each person should have an area of ​​not less than 0.75 square meters, and the design of the number of people who avoid the risk should be no less than 50 people. At the same time, access to mine pressure, water, monitoring and monitoring, personnel positioning, communications and power supply systems. There are auxiliary facilities such as oxygen supply and harmful gas removal facilities, food and drinking water, as well as self-rescuers, first aid kits, lighting, tool boxes, fire extinguishers, and human waste collection and treatment devices. The food provided is not less than 2000 kJ/person/day and the drinking water is not less than 0.5 liters/person/day.

Zhao Ruixu, a technician, said that the six well-established protection systems for the mine can withstand high-temperature fumes, isolate toxic and harmful gases, provide oxygen, food and water internally, remove toxic and harmful gases, and create basic conditions for survival. Rescue creates conditions and gains time.

isolation

Two doors effectively block dangerous intrusions

According to reports, this 1150-meter horizontal well bottom permanent refuge chamber is made of masonry support. The thickness of the wall is greater than 50 cm. The C30 concrete is used for watering. When the water is poured, the depth of the rake is about 30 cm around the roadway; the distance between the plugging is 3 meters. The clay is filled tightly; the walls must be hard, crack-free, impervious, and sufficiently tight.

The evacuation chamber is 12 meters under the exit to the explosion-proof door, with a net width of 2.4 meters and a net height of 2.4 meters. The height of the wall is 1.2 meters, the total length of the exit from the living room to the refuge chamber is 28.83 meters, the total length of the exit from the living room to the refuge chamber is 42.75 meters, the height of the step is 13.8 centimeters, the width is 40 centimeters, the length is 80 centimeters, the slope is 19 degrees, and the indoor survival height is high 4 meters, net width 8 meters.

The permanent refuge chamber uses two door structures that open outward. The first explosion-proof door on the outside: Explosion-proof door design follows the principle of being flexible, fast, manual, and airtight. The explosion-proof door is equipped with an observation window.

Second door: Use a closed door that can block harmful toxic gases. At the same time, a compressed air curtain and a shower device were installed: The air system was installed at the upper edge of the inner side of the explosion-proof doors at both ends and installed at the top of the transition room. The six high-pressure gas cylinders were fed through the high-pressure line wells. As the safe-risk personnel bring in a certain concentration of carbon monoxide and other toxic and harmful substances during the process of opening the first door of the dormitory, it is extremely easy to cause secondary damage to the safety personnel. The function of the air curtain scrubbing system is to release compressed air through the air curtain and release a large amount of gas to drive toxic gas out of the door. The purpose is to block the entry of toxic and harmful gases when entering the evacuation chamber.

Refuge chamber air curtain system, the main role is to establish an air curtain barrier, blocking the intrusion of toxic and harmful gases into the chamber. The main function of the spray system is to replace toxic and harmful gases and reduce the concentration of harmful gases. At the same time, the spray system can purify the dust on the safety personnel and reduce the pollution of the living room.

When the staff opened the air curtain system, the reporter could feel a strong air impact and quickly blow away the dust on the body.

0.75 square meters

In this emergency protection system, each person should have an area of ​​not less than 0.75 square meters.

0.5 liters

Equipped food not less than 2,000 kJ / person / day, drinking water not less than 0.5 liters / person / day

Science

Refuge room with these secrets

Mine monitoring and monitoring system: safety monitoring and monitoring system for permanent evacuation chambers at the bottom of the well. The KJ101N coal mine safety monitoring system is used to set up a monitoring substation in the permanent refuge chamber. The monitoring substation is equipped with monitoring substation backup power and it is required to survive. Methane, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide sensors are installed in the chamber; the sensors transmit the collected data to the monitoring substations, and transmit them to the ground monitoring center through monitoring substations to ensure real-time monitoring of the environmental parameters of the living room and transition room of the permanent refuge chamber.

● Water supply and rescue system: The bottom hole permanent refuge chamber water supply and rescue system is connected with the original water supply and rescue system of the mine, and the water supply and rescue pipeline is tapped and embedded into the floor of the roadway to be introduced into the refuge chamber to ensure the refuge chamber. Normal water needs.

● Air pressure self-rescue system: the bottom hole permanent refuge chamber air pressure self-rescue system is connected with the original pressure wind self-rescue system pipe network, and the pressure wind self-rescue system piping is tapped and embedded into the roadway floor to be introduced into the refuge chamber to access the refuge. The air pressure filtering and noise-removing device installed in the chamber can directly use the air pressure after filtering and de-noising.

● Cooling and dehumidifying system: Permanent evacuation room is equipped with a pneumatic ice storage air conditioner in the room. When the ground pressure system is interrupted, the air in the permanent refuge chamber is adjusted by using the ice in the air conditioner freezer. The bedroom is also equipped with an efficient desiccant to keep the indoor humidity of the living room at a comfortable humidity.

● Air purification system: Purifier blower adopts hand crank blower with large speed ratio. In case of emergency, carbon monoxide catalyst or carbon dioxide remover is placed in the loading box of the purification machine. Shaking the handle of the purification machine can be realized in the air. The removal of harmful gases will blow out the cool air in the refrigeration channel of the freezer cabinet, achieving the purpose of air purification and cooling.

● Communication and communication system: A coal mining dispatcher is installed in the Tuobai Coal Mine. The permanent evacuation chamber communication and communication system uses a communication line on the main line of the communication cable, which is embedded in the bottom of the tunnel after the pipe is worn.硐 An explosion-proof telephone set that can be directly connected to the mine dispatching room is installed in the room to ensure communication between the dormitory and the outside world.

● Oxygen supply system: 15 bottles of 80L compressed oxygen cylinders are equipped to meet the oxygen demand of 50 people in an emergency.

● Booster system: 4 bottles of 80L compressed air cylinders are equipped. In an emergency, the chamber can be internally pressurized to maintain a positive pressure relative to the outside of the chamber, so as to prevent toxic and harmful gases from entering the chamber.

● Auxiliary system: According to relevant standards, the bedroom is equipped with compressed biscuits, drinking water, stretcher, first aid kit, light sticks, packed toilets, compressed oxygen self-rescuer, positive pressure oxygen respirator, Soviet health equipment, integrated miner's lamp, special Stainless steel seats, fire extinguishers, etc.

Underground mine "6 systems"

1 monitoring and monitoring system

Real-time monitoring of the status of the underground safety environment and guiding the evacuation route after the disaster.

2 personnel positioning system

Real-time positioning downhole miners to ensure that people form a snapshot after the disaster to guide rescue.

3 Emergency Hazard System

Provide sanctuary for surviving miners after the disaster.

4 pressure wind self-rescue system

Ensure that on-site operations personnel have sufficient oxygen supply during the catastrophic event.

5 water supply and rescue system

After the catastrophe, provide the underground workers with clean water or necessary nutrient solution.

6 Communication and Communication System

Achieve the communication between wells in the underground and various work sites.

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