Public transport safety is concerned about common sense of escape can not be negligent

The bus is a weak link in public safety. Many city buses have not learned the lessons of Xiamen and Chengdu in many places. They have to consider every detail of the safety settings on the bus and invest enough funds to improve the safety design of the bus. For many third-tier cities, the bus hardware level is not high originally, coupled with severe overloading, the overcrowded bus will easily lead to a catastrophic outcome once it encounters an accident. Public transportation must not only ensure its operation, but also its safety. There are a lot of experiences to follow in foreign and domestic places.

The key to the escape of the bus is the door and window. Most foreign buses are "outside swing doors", that is, the doors are opened to the outside of the car. The "inside swing doors" are mostly used in China. The disadvantage of "inside swing doors" is that when the bus is inside Crowded, when people squeeze the door hard, the door is often difficult to open. Since the price of "inside swing door" is lower than that of "outside swing door", domestic manufacturers and bus companies tend to favor the former.

In foreign countries, bus windows are also equipped with emergency wrenches, which can be easily pushed out of the vehicle by pulling down in an emergency, forming a huge escape exit. After the "6.5" bus burning event, Chengdu developed a "fireproof bus". Once a fire occurs in the bus, the system will automatically release non-toxic fire extinguishing agent, and the fire can be controlled within 10 seconds.

To ensure the safety of buses and let passengers escape as quickly as possible, there is no lack of technical means. What we lack is sensitivity and responsibility for life safety. Take Japan as an example, their transportation department requires transportation vehicles to absolutely guarantee personal safety. In addition, the driver is clearly designated as the person in charge of safety on the traveling bus, and the driver must also carry out fire emergency response training. A fire extinguisher is necessary near the driver's seat to facilitate rescue measures at the first time. There is also a wireless loudspeaker in the car. In case of danger, the driver is the person in charge of emergency rescue. He has the responsibility to issue instructions and divert passenger flow.

1. Common sense of public transportation safety

(1) Fire

After a bus fire, you must first see the fire and the location, and then choose the escape self-rescue method: the most common bus fire is the engine fire. Passengers should immediately ask the driver to open the door and guide the passenger to get off the door. Then, use the on-board fire extinguisher to extinguish the flames. If the part of the fire is in the middle of the car, the driver should open the door to allow passengers to get off the car in order from both ends. Some buses now have an emergency button or knob near the door. In an emergency, pressing the button or the knob door switch system will be invalid, and then you can directly push the door to escape.

When extinguishing a fire, focus should be placed on protecting the cab and the fuel tank; if the flame seals the door, but the fire is small, passengers can cover their heads with clothing and rush down from the door; if the door route is burnt by fire, it cannot be opened , Passengers should use life-saving hammers to open the windows of the nearest car and turn over the car; if the passengers are in the fire, the clothes are accidentally burned by the fire, do n’t panic, and do n’t run around, and calmly adopt the correct method: For clothes, take off your clothes quickly and use your feet to quickly extinguish the fire. It's too late to take off your clothes, but you can roll on the spot and suppress the fire. If the clothes on the other person are on fire, you can take off your own clothes or other cloths, cover up the fire on the other person, or spray them with a fire extinguisher. If you take a long-distance bus, you'd better choose to sit near the safety gate or the roof safety exit. If you want, you can take a closer look at the instructions on how to open the safety door, because in the event of an accident, it is impossible for you to look at the instructions in silence.

(2) Car accident

Rollover: The passenger with the foot-hook pedal to flip the car should quickly lie down on the seat, grab the fixed objects in the car, clamp the body in the seat, and try to stabilize the body. When overturning, do not jump out of the car in the direction of overturning, but jump in the opposite direction of the vehicle overturning. When landing, you should roll your head with your hands in the direction of inertia or run for a distance to avoid secondary damage.

Falling into the water: Take a deep breath before driving the car into the river. If the water is shallow and not completely submerged, wait for the car to stabilize before trying to leave the car from the doors and windows. If the water is deep, do not rush to open the door and window glass, because the door is difficult to open at this time. At this time, the oxygen in the car can be maintained for 5-10 minutes for the driver and passengers. Do n’t panic, put your head out of the water, quickly push the door or glass, and take a deep breath before surfacing.

Collision: The two feet are straight and leaned backwards. In a head-on collision in a traffic accident, the driver is often the fatal danger. In the event of an accident, when the main orientation of the collision is not on the driver's side, the driver should hold the steering wheel with both hands, push his legs straight, lean backward, and keep his body balanced to prevent the head from hitting the windshield at the moment of vehicle impact Injured on the glass. If the main orientation of the collision is near the driver's seat or the impact is too strong, the driver should quickly hide from the steering wheel and raise both feet to avoid being crushed. The best protection for people in the back seat is to quickly extend a foot forward, against the back of the seat in front, and bend the elbow in front of the chest, open the hands, protect the head and face, back back, press on the seat on. Even if you do n’t have time, you should always be ready for a car accident. You should quickly push the armrest or back of the chair with both hands, and push forward with your feet in front and back. The degree of victimization.

Do n’t shout when you collide, you should close your lips and clenched your teeth to avoid biting your tongue when you collide.

The possibility of a fire in a car collision is extremely high, so as soon as the collision stops, everyone should try to get out of the car as soon as possible.

Make the necessary preparations before jumping: take off the seat belt, open the door, and hug your body-the head is close to the chest, the knees are tight, the elbows are close to the chest, and the hands are covering the ears. The waist bends and rolls out of the car. You can roll by the way, don't resist the ground.

For the following injuries caused by the car accident, passers-by or uninjured passengers can take certain rescue methods: Bleeding: You can tear your clothes into pieces of cloth and apply local pressure to stop bleeding from bleeding.

Fracture: A small splint, branch, etc. can be found on site to bandage and fix the affected limb.

Head trauma: Tilt the injured person's head to one side, do not lean on it, as this will cause vomiting, cause the contents of the stomach to block the airway, and cause the injured person to suffocate.

Abdominal trauma: The internal organs should be buckled on the abdominal wall as much as possible in the original part. Do not put the internal organs into the abdominal cavity to avoid abdominal infection.

Breathing and heartbeat stop: give the injured person mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration in time, and perform a simple heart massage.

(3) Health and safety

1. Snacks should not be eaten in the car. What kind of cookies, chocolates, desserts, sugar cubes, etc. are people who like to eat on the bus, this is a very bad habit. The reason is very simple, the mobility of people on the bus is large, and the composition of the personnel is complex. It does not exclude the presence of bacteria carriers or even spreaders. At the same time, the health status is not optimistic. Opening and closing the door will increase the dust, droplets, and paper inside and outside the car Environmental pollution in the car. If there is smoking and drinking combined with the body's own odor, mixed together, eating in this atmosphere, how to avoid the food from being completely free from pollution? How to ensure the hygiene of hands before eating? If you eat contaminated food, it is easy to cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal diseases.

2. Make-up is not recommended on the car. Everyone loves the heart of beauty, but it also scores occasions. It is often seen on the bus that some women casually pull out simple dressing boxes from their pockets or handbags, apply powder to their faces, or use eyebrow pencils to paint their eyebrows and apply lipstick to wipe their lips. In fact, this not only increases the chance of infection of your skin, but also increases the environmental pollution in the car. Not only does it expose your own beauty, but it is also very irritating. Imagine that in a very limited space and a very limited visual range, can you ensure that the powder on the face is evenly coated, the stroke thickness on the eyebrow is appropriate, and the lipstick on the lips is applied reasonably? Once wrong, it is not beautiful. The bus stops and stops, and accidents are not ruled out, because the makeup is not noticed, the head touches the lips, the loss is great.

3. Pets should not be brought on board. Some people who love pets often take their pets out, and naturally take them with them. Most pets are cats and dogs. Carrying a pet on a car is restricted by various factors. Whether the owner has a seat or not, he must hold it, which virtually increases the chance of spreading pathogenic bacteria on the pet and brings danger to others. Once pets are out of tune and yelling, they will affect other passengers and destroy their mood. If a sudden brake occurs, there may be a bump into the pet by the passenger, a pet injury may occur, and it may hurt someone else or the owner. This is also a performance that is not responsible for other passengers.

4. Reduce travel during communicable diseases, wash hands often, and wear masks are all effective means. Try not to touch the tabs and handrails on the car with bare hands. After returning home, you should take off your outer clothing, masks, gloves and other clothes that contact the outside in time, hang them in a ventilated place to dry. At the same time, it is also necessary to develop good hygiene habits of washing hands and changing clothes frequently, so as to prevent certain infectious diseases in the car.

2. Theft

(2) Prevent yourself from being stolen

Thieves steal things, mainly money and valuable things. How to prevent being stolen on the bus?

1. First of all, you must improve your awareness of prevention. When getting on the bus, don't stop at the door. If there are conditions, find a seat as soon as possible and don't stand in a crowded place.

2. Pay attention to your belongings when getting in the car. After getting on the car, try to walk to the rear compartment. The front door, middle part and rear door are all easy places for thieves to get started.

3. Try not to bring too many valuable things. Do not bring more cash, it is best to bring a credit card. Don't put valuables on your backpack.

4. Be sure to keep your valuables in your sight. It's best to carry the bag on your hand, the lower the better (the thief can't squat down to steal), and don't cross your shoulders or wrists.

5. Pay more attention to suspicious personnel. You can start from five aspects: one is to look at the eyes, the average person looks at the face, and the thieves often stare at other people's waist bags and shoulder bags; The third is depending on the clothes. The young thieves in Nei County are not too high-end, but they are a little fashionable. The thieves in their 40s and 50s are dressed like white-collar workers, wearing clothes in their hands, or holding briefcases, newspapers, files Umbrellas, etc .; Fourth, listening to the language, the thief will speak some "slang"; looking at his hands, if he finds that the thief is sitting sideways and one hand is gone, then pay more attention.

6. Put your own business card or a note with your contact information in your wallet. The main goal of the thief is cash. 80% of things other than cash are thrown by the thief. In case any kind-hearted person finds it, you can also contact yourself as soon as possible.

7. After discovering that the bank card has been stolen, immediately report the loss by phone. After the temporary ID card or ID card is processed, go to the counter to report the loss and replace it with a new card.

(2) Remind others to be stolen

Would you remind me of seeing a thief steal something from someone? Most people should not directly break the point, mainly worried about being retaliated. So, how to remind the stolen to beware of thieves? Since there are many cases of theft, the following only provides opinions on a few cases. In specific cases, passengers need to adapt to the situation.

1. If you see that the thief has not succeeded, shout at the driver, "Go to the police station, my wallet is lost." The thief must be nervous, and then the passengers will check their belongings; or shout "What about me?" Missing? "Then pretend to touch the pocket on your body, and then say" Originally here ", the stolen person will attract attention.

2. If the mobile phone is stolen and the stolen person is not wearing a watch, can he or she ask what time is it? As soon as he (she) digs out the phone, he will find that the phone is almost stolen; or pretend to call a friend, intentionally saying that he was almost stolen on the bus a few days ago, the thief is abhorrent, and at the same time make an eye for the stolen person Others pay attention; or you can take a picture of the stolen person ’s shoulder and prompt, "X and X, your phone fell out."

3. Natural disasters

(1) High temperature

In summer, high temperatures are prone to occur. Passengers should avoid non-air-conditioned vehicles or overloaded vehicles when the temperature is higher than 35 degrees. At this time, the air in the car is poor and it is easy to heat stroke.

(2) Lightning strike

Lightning strike is one of the more frequent natural disasters. It is best to avoid going out in thunderstorm weather. In thunderstorm shelters under metal shelters such as shelters, your legs should be close together without touching the pillars. Do not answer the phone or use any wireless devices during lightning, and immediately take off the headset.

(3) Typhoon

During a typhoon, try not to walk outside. If on a bus, use both hands to push the armrest or chair back forward, and double-click against the fixture to stabilize your body. If you are already outside, you should wear light and waterproof shoes and brightly colored, tight-fitting underwear, buckle the clothes or fasten with straps to reduce the area affected by the wind, and wear a raincoat and a rain cap Tighten the cap strap. You can't run when it's downwind, otherwise you won't be able to stop, and there is even the risk of being scraped away. Try to grab the corners, fences, pillars or other stable fixtures when walking. When walking on streets with dense buildings, pay special attention to falling objects or flying objects to avoid injury. When you come to the corner, you have to stop and observe before you go. It is very likely that you will be injured by the flying flying objects. When passing a narrow bridge or high place, it is best to lean down and crawl, otherwise it is easy to be scratched or fell into the water.