Researcher at the Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wu Kongming, Director of National Agriculture Genetically Modified Organism Safety Committee The Chinese government attaches great importance to the biosafety management of genetically modified crops. In 1996, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the “Implementation Measures for the Safety Management of Agricultural Biological Gene Engineeringâ€. In 2001, the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations"), and carried out the whole process safety management of agricultural genetically modified organisms engaged in the research, testing, production, processing, operation, and import and export activities in China. . After the "Regulations" were promulgated and implemented, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine successively formulated five supporting regulations, issued a catalog of genetically modified organisms, and established systems for research, testing, production, processing, management, import licensing, and labeling management. A set of laws and regulations, technical regulations and management systems that suit our national conditions and are linked to international practices. Safety Evaluation Process of Genetically Modified Crops The “Regulations†and supporting regulations stipulate that China implements a graded and phased safety evaluation system for agricultural genetically modified organisms, and the Agricultural Genetically Modified Organism Safety Committee is responsible for the safety evaluation of agricultural genetically modified organisms. The safety evaluation was conducted in five stages: experimental research, intermediate tests, environmental release, production tests, and application for a safety certificate. The United States and the European Union are generally divided into three phases: experimental research, environmental release, and deregulation (commercialization). Unlike foreign countries, which only evaluate transformants, China evaluates both transformants and derivative varieties. The content of safety assessment mainly includes two parts: food safety and environmental safety. Food safety evaluation involves nutrition, toxicology and allergies. Environmental safety assessment includes the survival competitiveness of genetically modified organisms, the ecological risk of genetic drift, the impact on non-target organisms and biodiversity, and the risk and governance of target organisms. In August 2009, the Safety Evaluation of the Safety Committee and the approval of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China for the issuance of "Huahui No. 1" and "Bt Gaoyou 63" for production and application of safety certificates were carried out from 1999 to 2000 and an intermediate trial was carried out from 2001 to 2002. The environment was released and a production test was carried out from 2003 to 2004. From 2004 to 2005, the GM biosafety testing agency of the Ministry of Agriculture tested and verified the target traits of Huahui 1 and Bt Shanyou 63, and from 2007 to 2008, its molecular characteristics, environmental safety, and food safety. Some indicators have been tested and verified. It can be said that the evaluation indicators and processes for transgenic rice are the most rigorous and most prudent cases in the world for the evaluation of transgenic crops. According to the regulations of the Regulations, the "Seeds Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Regulations for the Examination and Approval of Major Crop Varieties," and other laws and regulations, after the genetically modified crops have obtained safety certificates, they must also carry out regional tests, production tests, and species certifications to obtain seed production licenses. Only after the permit and business license can it enter commercial production. Monitoring of Environmental Impacts of Commercialized Planting of Transgenic Crops In order to ensure the long-term safe application of genetically modified crops, the transgenic rice varieties Huahui 1 and Bt Shanyou 63, which have obtained safety certificates, will enter into commercial production, and will also organize the development of major insect pest populations and changes in biodiversity. Target pest monitoring. The main pest population dynamics monitoring in the field is mainly to observe whether the impact of the insecticidal effect of genetically modified rice on the food chain of agroecosystem will lead to the evolution of secondary non-target pests into important pests, so as to formulate supporting measures for the farming system in accordance with the genetically modified varieties. To ensure the effective application of transgenic insect-resistant rice; monitoring the impact of biodiversity is mainly to investigate the changes of arthropod diversity in paddy field agricultural ecosystem after long-term application of transgenic pest-resistant rice, so as to formulate integrated pest control measures in rice fields; The selective pressure of the pesticidal protein produced by insecticidal rice on pests can lead to resistance of the target pests, thereby shortening the service life of the insect-resistant rice. Therefore, in the process of commercialization, it is necessary to monitor the resistance of target pests to transgenic rice, and adopt appropriate strategies and measures to prevent or delay the formation and development of resistance. Labeling Management of Genetically Modified Crop Products According to the provisions of the Regulations and the "Administrative Measures on Agricultural Genetically Modified Organism Labeling", in order to protect consumers' right to know and choose, China has implemented a labeling system for labeling of genetically modified organisms. The labeling catalogue has been adjusted in response to changes in the types of commercial applications of GM crops. The revision of the identification list shall be determined by the relevant department of the Ministry of Agriculture. At present, there are great differences in regulations and policies concerning the labeling management of genetically modified products in various countries of the world. After China approves the commercial production and application of genetically modified rice, there will be coexistence of genetically modified rice and non-transgenic rice. In order to effectively implement logo management, the following measures are recommended: First, to strengthen the research on label management after the commercial production and application of genetically modified rice, and to develop a catalog of genetically modified rice; Second, to strengthen the technical support system for the management of genetically modified organisms and the construction of administrative supervision capabilities. The third is to strengthen the supervision of domestic production units and export companies, strengthen the inspection of export products, ensure that products comply with regulatory requirements and the requirements of importing countries, and maintain normal trade order. 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Biosafety Management Ensures the Application of Genetically Modified Crops in China