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(2) The nutrients in the livestock fertilizer applied after the attention of the livestock fertilizer are in the form of complex organic matter, which cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees. The livestock fertilizer must be piled up, and various microorganisms are used to enter the urine, cake fertilizer and urea. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate, potassium sulfate, grass ash, and the like. Grapes need more phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. They should be added with fertilizers such as chicken manure, duck manure, sheep manure, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and plant ash. The absorption of nitrogen and potassium by apples and pears is similar, and the absorption of phosphorus is only 1/2 of nitrogen. Therefore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:2, and attention should be paid to the application.
(3) Different tree species pay attention to the application of different fertilizers. Compared with other fruit trees, peach trees need more nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and require less phosphorus. Appropriate application of human excrement, cake fertilizer, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, Potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, grass ash, and the like. Grapes need more phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. They should be added with fertilizers such as chicken manure, duck manure, sheep manure, calcium phosphate, potassium sulfate, and plant ash. The absorption of nitrogen and potassium by apples and pears is similar, and the absorption of phosphorus is only 1/2 of nitrogen. Therefore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:2, and attention should be paid to the application.
(4) Different saplings with different planting ages paying attention to the amount of fertilization newly planted. The total amount of fertilizer applied in the same year is between 100 and 500g. As the age of the tree increases, the application rate of fertilizer should also increase. In the fruit-bearing period, every 100 kg of apples produced by applying 100 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.5 kg of pure phosphorus and 1 kg of pure potassium can meet the growth results. In general, the sapling stage needs to apply more nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to promote growth, and in order to increase the sugar content of the fruit, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be increased.
(5) Fertilization pay attention to soil type. The sandy soil is loose, the structure is poor, the organic matter content is low, and it is easy to be drought. The application of chemical fertilizer is easy to be lost with water. In fertilization, chemical fertilizers should be combined with organic fertilizers, and the application amount of organic fertilizers should be increased to gradually achieve the purpose of fertilizing the soil. The clay soil is sticky, fine in texture, poor in permeability, strong in water holding capacity, and not high in organic matter content. Attention should be paid to the application of organic fertilizer to loosen the soil, improve soil bonding properties, and increase microbial activity. In addition, the clay is mixed with sand in the applied organic fertilizer, which is better than the single application of organic fertilizer. According to the analysis of the experiment, the ammonium nitrogen in the soil was 11×10-6 and 20.5×10-6, respectively, compared with 9.5×10-6. Saline-alkali land, poorly drained depressions and dry land that is not easy to irritable and soils with heavy acidity should not use ammonium chloride and potassium chloride. Otherwise, the acidity of the soil will increase due to the accumulation of chloride ions, causing chloride poisoning of fruit trees. The leaves are burnt and the root hairs die.
(6) The fertilization method pays attention to diversification. Different application methods of various fertilizers: organic fertilizer should be applied in depth, and it is best to use deep-expanding and deep-expanding. For most chemical fertilizers, radial and annular ditch applications are preferred. In order to meet the nutrient requirements of a certain phenological period of fruit trees, foliar spray fertilizer can be used. If the 0.3% borax aqueous solution is sprayed during the flowering period, it can not only improve the fruit setting rate, but also effectively prevent the deformed fruit caused by boron deficiency. Before the germination of the fruit trees, spraying the leaves with 0.5% to 3% urea aqueous solution before the growth of the fruit trees can increase the leaf thickness, increase the photosynthetic efficiency, and increase the storage nutrients in the dormant period of the tree.
(7) Pay attention to the combination of fertilizers and the mixture of gram and horse manure and superphosphate and phosphate rock powder will increase the effective phosphorus and improve the fertilizer efficiency. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can not be mixed with ammonia nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium hydrogencarbonate, etc., otherwise the ammonium will decompose and fail. After an equal amount of 17% ammonium bicarbonate and 19% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were mixed, ammonium bicarbonate would lose 15 percentage points. The grass ash can not be mixed with human excrement and manure, nor can it be mixed with ammonium nitrogen fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate to avoid the neutralization of the effective potassium in the ash and the ammonium nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer.
(8) Pay attention to the deep application of organic fertilizer in the application of fertilization. The fertilization site should be in the soil layer of 20-80 cm. The distance of phosphorus in the soil is very short, and the depth of application of phosphate fertilizer should be in the part with the most root distribution. Most nitrogen fertilizers can spread with soil moisture in the soil, and the application depth is not strict.
Huaxian County Liu Xiuling
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Fruit tree fertilization eight attention
(A), pay attention to irrigation time The fertilization time after fertilization has a great impact on fertilizer efficiency. After fertilization, there is timely irrigation and delayed irrigation. Fertilizers that are timely irrigated include ammonia nitrogen fertilizer and farmyard manure (human excrement, humus manure, pig manure, cake fertilizer, etc.). Ammonium bicarbonate is a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer that is highly volatile. 17% ammonium bicarbonate volatilizes 8.9% every 12 hours at 20 °C. Therefore, ammonium bicarbonate must be applied to the soil and watered in time. Farmyard manure contains a large number of microorganisms that must multiply under conditions of sufficient water to decompose organic matter and release large amounts of nutrients. Therefore, watering should be done in time after applying farmyard manure. However, the application of urea requires delayed irrigation. Because the amide nitrogen in urea cannot be used by fruit trees, it must be converted to ammonium bicarbonate under the action of urease enzymes. If it is prematurely watered, the amide nitrogen is easily lost with water. waste. Therefore, water should be delayed for 5 to 7 days after urea application.
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