Winter solstice greenhouse fruit and vegetable crops fertilization

On December 22nd, the winter solstice will be entered. The winter solstice festival is called the “Winter Festival”. On this day, the sun is located at 270 degrees of the Yellow River, and the sun is almost directly on the Tropic of Cancer. For the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day of the shortest night in the year, the ancient name is “day short”, and the winter solstice in the southern hemisphere is the longest day of the year. After the winter solstice, the sun gradually shifted to the Tropic of Cancer, making the Northern Hemisphere's daylight gradually lengthen. Astronomy called the "winter solstice" the beginning of the winter in the northern hemisphere, after which the weather entered the cold weather. The winter solstice is the Japanese ninth, there are winter ninety-nine songs: "1929 sleeves hand, 3,949, icy, 5, 1969, along the river, Liu, 七九河开八九燕来,九九加I have farmed cattle all over the place."

In the agricultural production, the winter solstice solar energy is not only engaged in the winter construction of water conservancy, leveling the land, composting, deep ploughing and other field work. At this time, the vegetable cultivation of the facility cultivation is the busy season, especially the cultivation and fertilization of cucumbers, tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables in the greenhouse should pay attention to what?

In the greenhouse, cucumbers and tomatoes are used as examples. During the growth period, the temperature of the outside of the greenhouse is decreasing. In order to maintain the good growth of cucumber and tomato in the greenhouse, the application of organic fertilizer should be emphasized before planting, and the organic fertilizer and NPK should be applied. The ternary compound fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, which can gradually provide various balanced nutrients to cucumbers and tomatoes, which not only benefits their roots and results, but also compensates for the lack of nutrient deficiency of medium and trace elements caused by the application of chemical fertilizers. Defects. At the same time, a large amount of organic fertilizer is mixed into the root layer soil, which improves the physical and chemical properties of the root layer soil, which is beneficial to the root extension of cucumber and tomato and can retain water and fertilizer, and reduce the nutrient loss caused by frequent irrigation.

From the current situation of fertilization in greenhouses, there is a general or no application of organic fertilizer in the production of cucumber and tomato, but the application of chemical fertilizers to increase production bias, while in the application of chemical fertilizers, there are partial application of heavy nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus. The problem of nutrient imbalance in potassium fertilizer and less application of trace element fertilizers, in these unbalanced fertilization phenomena, the problem of calcium deficiency is particularly worthy of attention. In recent years, it has been clarified that physiological calcium deficiency is an extrinsic cause of the frequent occurrence of tomato umbilical rot. How to prevent the occurrence of "umbilical rot", first of all, from the nutritional characteristics of tomato: First, the tomato yield is high, the amount of fertilizer is large, and it belongs to the infinite growth type. The tomato harvesting period is long, with the continuous harvesting of nutrients. Carrying out, you need to harvest and replenish nutrients to meet the needs of continuous flowering results. Second, the demand for potassium, calcium and magnesium in tomatoes is relatively large. The order of the absorption of these main nutrient elements is potassium>calcium>nitrogen>phosphorus>magnesium. From the comparison of different growth periods, especially in the tomato fruit expansion period, if there is a lack of calcium, umbilical rot is easy to occur. In response to the nutritional needs of tomato, the following points should be noted in fertilizing winter tomato in greenhouse:

1. Pay attention to the fertilization in the seedling stage to achieve the "fetal rich", it is best to apply organic fertilizer plus chemical fertilizer. The application of chemical fertilizers should be controlled by increasing the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, especially the phosphate fertilizers should be selected from ordinary calcium or calcium magnesium phosphate.

2. The base fertilizer should be applied in depth. In addition to the application of organic fertilizer, the appropriate amount (35-40 kg/mu) of ternary compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer requires a moderate proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, do not over-emphasize high nitrogen compound fertilizer. In the absence of organic fertilizer, do not choose high-nitrogen compound fertilizer for fertilizer varieties. It is best to choose elemental nitrogen fertilizer plus calcium and phosphate fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer can be used with potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. In the acidic soil area, it is better to choose “calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer”.

3. The principle of topdressing with a small number of times, each time the nitrogen does not exceed 5 kg, the fertilizer and water are matched, and the general application is 3 to 4 times. Topdressing is mainly applied with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. During the topdressing period, the fruit is fertilized in the first fruit expansion period, and the second and third ear fruits are in the expansion period. After entering the fruiting period, the weakening ability of the root system is reduced. It can be applied with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, or by external root spray, by spraying an aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, borax and urea. In the later period, strong and strong fruit will reduce the occurrence of umbilical rot.

Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Cao Yiping Source: Farmers Daily
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