Fertilizer characteristics and fertilization points of chestnut planting

       Fertilizer characteristics

       Chestnut is the same as other fruit trees in terms of fertilizer requirement. The difference is that in addition to sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, it is particularly sensitive to medium amount of elemental magnesium and a small amount of elemental manganese and boron. If there is deficiency or deficiency, serious physiological obstacles will occur. The impact of growth and development. According to the determination, a high chestnut trees required amount of manganese, the manganese content of normal growth and development of leaf 1000 to 2500 mg / kg, if less than 1000 mg / kg, appeared yellow leaves, growth hindered. If there is magnesium deficiency or insufficient supply, there will be chlorosis between the veins, and the faded part will gradually turn brown and die. Since boron is an important element in promoting pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and ovary development, boron deficiency in the soil leads to empty space . According to the survey, the effective boron content of soil is 0.56 to 0.87 mg / kg chestnut, normal, empty shell rate of only 3% to 6.9%; content of 0.2 to 0.4 mg / kg of chestnut, very low yield, the empty shell rate As much as 44% to 81% . The section of Meiyuan Village in Dongling Township, Jianchuan County, has a root. When planting chestnut, each plant is 100 g of boron-doped sand in the base fertilizer. After planting , it sprays 350 times of borax water every year in June , and the fruit is planted in three years, no more than boron and no spray. The early two years of boron results.

       The amount of NPK is large and the absorption period is different. Absorb a large amount of nitrogen and for a long time, before the harvest begins to sprout buds are continuing absorption, among which the most rapid absorption of fruit enlargement period, after the harvest gradually reduced. Phosphorus absorption time is stable from flowering to harvesting, but the absorption is less, and the absorption time is shorter than that of nitrogen and potassium. However, results of the performance and yield of the phosphorus chestnut extremely important, according to the determination, full fruit tree garden soil with a high yield efficient phosphorus content of up to 20.18 - 27.00 mg / kg, shoot phosphorus content of 2420 mg / kg; Low Yield garden soil The phosphorus content is only 1 ~ 9 mg / kg, and the phosphorus content in the new shoots is as low as 1360 mg / kg. It can be seen that the effect of phosphorus on the yield is great. Phosphorus is an important substance that promotes flower bud differentiation, fruit development, seed maturation and quality. Potassium before flowering started from a small amount of absorption is gradually increased after flowering, fruit hypertrophy of absorbing up, then sharply reduced harvest. It is proved that in the annual growth cycle, from the differentiation of male flowers in the early spring to the flowering and fruit setting period, nitrogen is most needed, potassium is less, and phosphorus is less; after flowering to fruit expansion, phosphorus is most needed, followed by nitrogen and potassium. The fruit is from the hypertrophy period to the harvest, which requires the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and less phosphorus.

        Fertilization points

       The saplings of young trees under 7 years of age are in accordance with the principle of “diligent application, less quantity, less first, less first, first lighter and thicker”. The time between fertilization intervals is shorter, the concentration is lighter, the number is more, and the amount of fertilizer is small. To be less, as the age of the tree increases, it will decrease and increase . Generally 1 to 3-year-old trees, the end of May to early February, administered every 40 to 45 days once available nitrogen, each cleaning livestock manure composting per plant 15 to 20 kg or 20 to 30 grams of urea to promote germination and foliage Growing. In early June to the end of August, every 40 to 45 days full of NPK fertilizer applied once, each applied per plant NPK 30 to 40 grams, in order to promote the development of mature shoot enrichment. 4 to 7 years old trees, topdressing every 2 months from February to August , still in the early stage, mainly nitrogen, potassium as the second, phosphorus again, middle and late application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, but the amount of fertilizer should be related to the age of the tree Increasing year by year and increasing in synchronization. The ratio of application of NPK for the whole year is preferably 1 : 0.7 : 0.8 . Every April and June once the spray 300 to 350 times the borax water, and promote its early production. After entering the 4th year of growth, apply the full-circle or semi-ring ditch to expand the pond to apply the base fertilizer.

       The big tree results in a large tree that should be fertilized three times a year. The ratio of NPK needed for the whole year is about 1 : 0.85 : 0.9 .

       ① fertilizer before flowering after germination March before flowering, spring water was applied in conjunction with irrigation, cleaning facilities composting livestock manure per 100 to 120 kg, or 350 to 400 g of urea to promote hair sprouting leaves, flowering, improved fruit set and yield.

       ② strong fruit fertilizer application in the rapid expansion of fruit per plant NPK NPK 800 to 1000 grams, in order to promote fruit development, improve quality.

       3 base fertilizer is the basic fertilizer for the whole year of growth and development of chestnut trees. It requires complete elements, coordinated proportions, large amount of fertilizer, high concentration and timely application. Fertilizers with manure, compost, farmyard manure, waste processing after retting fat, sugar, clay, green manure, cake can, and containing less low-phosphorus or boron Red yellow soil, the amount of chemical fertilizer and applied to add boron sand. Mean general vigor, medium fertility, the result more trees, rotted manure per plant 80 to 100 kg over 3 to 4 kg calcium phosphate, 100 grams of boron sand. It is best to apply it from September to October after fruit picking . The method uses a semi-circular ditch, a radiant ditch, a fan-shaped pit and a strip-shaped ditch. The root system has been covered with trees in the whole garden, and is buryed by ditching in the rows or in the whole garden.