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"In the past, it was a few pages, and now it has become a book." Wang Jian, director of the Environmental Protection Department's Pollution Permit Office, recently pointed out in an exclusive interview with the "Legal Daily" reporter that compared with the formal changes, the environmental supervision system Change is more worth looking forward to. According to him, after the comprehensive discharge permit system is launched, environmental management will fully enter the era of evidence-based supervision.
According to the “Implementation Plan for Controlling Pollutant Discharge Permit System†issued by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the “Programâ€), before the end of June this year, the thermal power and paper industry should complete the issuance of the discharge permit, involving more than 5,000 enterprises. Wang Jian revealed that as of June 23, more than 3,000 companies have obtained national unified coded discharge permits. He said that the issuance of the first batch of sewage permits can be basically completed.
Wang Jian said that with the end of the certification work for thermal power and paper industry, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will initiate law enforcement inspections of pollutant discharge permits.
Thermal power paper industry takes the lead in issuing sewage
The thermal power and paper industry must take the lead in issuing emission permits. This is a clear requirement of the “Proposalâ€. According to this, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has clearly confirmed that these two industries should basically complete the issuance of pollutant discharge permits before the end of June this year.
Why choose these two industries to take the lead in issuing certificates? "Relatively speaking, these two industries are currently the best in environmental management." Wang Jian told the "Legal Daily" reporter, "There is usually a large thermal power industry. The pollution of thermal power is mainly concentrated on gas. The pollution in the paper industry is mainly On the water, in both industries, there are both large enterprises and small enterprises.†Wang Jian said that the first choice in the two industries is to take the lead in considering that the two industries have a good environmental management foundation and take the lead in issuing certificates. Less, "Choose from the easy start, so that the accumulation of experience in the discharge management of 13 key industries in the second half of the year." He said that this is the main consideration.
According to Wang Jian, there are more than 5,000 pollutant discharge permits issued by the thermal power and paper industry. As of June 23, more than 3,000 enterprises have completed the issuance of pollutant discharge permits, and the discharge permits applied by more than 1,000 enterprises have also entered the review process.
Among them, the key management enterprises need to apply for a sewage permit, and non-key management enterprises can apply for a simple license. He further explained that the thermal power industry is large in scale and basically has to apply for a sewage permit, while the paper industry is different. There is a need for key management and general management. Therefore, in the paper industry, companies will only be able to apply for a simple sewage permit, such as a paper product manufacturing enterprise.
According to Wang Jian, the difference between the sewage permit and the simple sewage permit is obvious. The sewage permit includes the original and the copy. Among them, the copy of the sewage permit received by the key enterprises is nearly 30 pages, “just like a bookâ€, and the simple sewage permit obtained by the non-key enterprises is only a few pages.
According to the requirements of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, by the end of June this year, the thermal power and paper industry should complete the issuance of the discharge permit. Wang Jian revealed that at present, the issuance of emission permits for these two industries is nearing completion. From the national level, although the new sewage permit system has been implemented for the first time, the overall progress of certification is still OK. He said that the two industries will basically be able to issue certificates as scheduled at the end of this month.
Fully open the era of "one license" supervision
In fact, since the late 1980s, various places have successively implemented pilot discharge permits, and about 240,000 enterprises and institutions have received sewage permits. Wang Jian believes that it is undeniable that the sewage permit issued during that period has initial results. However, on the whole, the role of the pollutant discharge permit system in promoting the implementation of the main responsibility of pollution control by enterprises and institutions is not prominent, and the supervision of environmental protection departments is still not in place.
Compared with the old version of the sewage permit, the new version of the sewage permit is not only rich in content, but more importantly, environmental supervision will fully enter the "one-standard" management era.
Wang Jian said that the old version of the sewage permit is almost a few pages of paper, but now it is different, not only the copy of the key enterprise sewage permit is as thick as a book, but also in the copy of the home page "copy of the permit permit" QR code. In Wang Jian’s view, the change in form is only one aspect. What is more important is the change in the environmental supervision model. “After the implementation of the new pollutant discharge permit system, one enterprise and one license, environmental law enforcement officers conduct on-site inspections, after the company Just swipe the QR code on the copy." Wang Jian said that after scanning the QR code, the relevant information of the enterprise, including production information, sewage information, what standards of smoke and gas implementation in the thermal power industry, and monitoring requirements. Information such as the location of the sewage outlet and the destination of the discharge will be displayed immediately. Law enforcement officers can verify whether the company has violated the law based on the information on the copy.
Wang Jian told the "Legal Daily" reporter that the new sewage permit system makes environmental law enforcement more precise and more convenient, and the characteristics of "one-card type" management are more prominent.
The so-called "one-certificate" management, in the view of Wang Jian, is to promote the implementation of the main responsibility of pollution control of enterprises and institutions through the discharge permit, and to standardize and restrict the emission of various pollutants such as air and water from enterprises and institutions. Enterprises are certified to discharge pollutants according to their certificates, carry out self-monitoring, establish account books, periodic reports and information disclosure, and increase penalties for undocumented sewage discharge or illegal discharge. He said that one enterprise, one license and comprehensive license, "one license" management is to concentrate environmental law enforcement inspections on the supervision of pollutant discharge permits.
“The requirements on the sewage permit are all legal requirements. The enterprise knows what to do when it gets the sewage permit; the law enforcement personnel go to the enterprise to check and look at the sewage permit to clearly determine which areas may have problems.†According to the key, each item on the pollutant discharge permit has corresponding penalties, including monitoring, exceeding the standard discharge, the discharge destination does not meet the requirements, the sewage outlet is not standardized, the enterprise does not monitor, and the fraud is made. He said that the license provides a large amount of reference materials for law enforcement officials to judge whether the company is law-abiding.
Sewage permit implementation national unified number
According to the "Proposal" issued by the State Council, the contents of the discharge permit management mainly include atmospheric pollutants, water pollutants, and other pollutants gradually incorporated according to law. At the same time, the full coverage of fixed pollution sources is realized step by step according to the industry. The "Proposal" proposes to take the lead in issuing emission permits for thermal power and paper industry enterprises. In 2017, the "Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan" and the "Water Pollution Prevention Action Plan" will be completed in key industries and overcapacity enterprises. The emission permit is basically completed.
According to this request, the Ministry of Environmental Protection proposed to complete the discharge permit in the thermal power and papermaking industries before the end of June this year. At the same time, the steel and cement industry will be launched in the pilot area of ​​Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and the pilot discharge permit for the petrochemical industry will be launched in Hainan.
In addition to these principle requirements, Wang Jian also introduced some specific details of the discharge permit to the "Legal Daily" reporter. He said that the sewage permit is basically issued by the environmental protection department at the prefecture level. At the same time, the discharge permit is implemented nationwide. That is to say, no matter which province (autonomous region or city), the pollutant discharge permits held by enterprises within its jurisdiction are nationally unified.
He said that in the second half of this year, in addition to the two industries of thermal power and papermaking, 13 other industries will also start issuing new discharge permits. At the same time, they will strive to complete the certification of key industries before the end of this year, including key industries such as refining and steel. .
Will carry out large-scale inspection of undocumented sewage law enforcement
According to the requirements of the State-run "Program", after the first discharge of the pollutant discharge permit, inspections should be carried out in a timely manner; for those with violation records, the frequency of inspections should be increased; for industries with excessive pollution, the law enforcement frequency and punishment should be increased, and the production capacity should be promoted. jobs. The time, content, results and penalty decisions of the on-site inspection shall be recorded in the sewage permit management information platform.
Wang Jian pointed out that this year is the first year of implementing the certificate discharge. The Ministry of Environmental Protection will initiate law enforcement inspections for the issuance of pollutant discharge permits for thermal power and paper industry and whether or not to issue certificates. Wang Jian said that it is mainly to see whether these two industries have issued new sewage discharge permits according to the requirements of the State Council, and whether there is a problem of unlicensed sewage discharge.
He revealed that in response to this law enforcement inspection, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will soon introduce a law enforcement inspection plan for thermal power and paper industry pollutant discharge permits, and carry out special law enforcement inspections for undocumented sewage illegal activities.
Wang Jian pointed out that through inspection, the supervision and enforcement of pollutant discharge behaviors of enterprises and institutions will be gradually unified to the implementation of pollutant discharge permits.
Sewage permit system is an international practice
The sewage permit system is an environmental management system derived from developed countries. At present, the United States, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Japan and many other countries have implemented a sewage permit system. Among them, the United States is one of the first countries to establish a sewage permit system.
With regard to the US sewage permit system, the Ministry of Environmental Protection research institute stated that in the 1970s, the United States implemented a sewage permit system. The implementation of the sewage permit system in the United States stems from the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act. The two laws have legally established the sewage discharge permit system (1972) and the atmospheric pollutant discharge permit system (1990).
Among them, the Clean Water Act stipulates that any act of discharging pollutants from a point source to a water body, whether or not it will cause pollution to the receiving water body, must obtain a discharge permit and comply with the discharge limit standards and pollution discharge schedules specified in the permit. Otherwise it is illegal. The US Environmental Protection Agency and the State Environmental Protection Agency are the license issuing departments.
The US sewage permit meets multiple standards at the same time, and the core goal is to improve water quality. At the same time, the license is an important basis for law enforcement, and enforcement is enforced on the principle of high illegal costs.
The US Clean Air Act provides for two types of permits, pre-construction permits and operating permits. The pre-construction permit is mainly applicable to the reform/expansion of new emission sources or existing emission sources, and the operation license controls all existing sources. Pre-construction permits prevent the air quality of wind-driven states from the impact of a single state-issued permit on both technical (ie, air quality assessment model) and procedures (open and reconsideration procedures).
According to the research institute of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the US sewage discharge permit system and the atmospheric pollutant discharge permit system established by the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act have detailed legal contents, hundreds of pages, involving the classification of pollutant discharge permits, application for issuance procedures, public participation, Specific requirements such as enforcement, supervision, and punishment are similar to the combination of laws, regulations, and departmental regulations in China. The following is the "Federal Regulations", including the specific procedures of the specific procedures for discharge permits, emission standards, and best available technologies. It is similar to various organic emission standards and technical specifications in China.
According to the "Legal Daily" reporter, not only the United States, the European Union's sewage permit system is based on a comprehensive legal framework, the EU countries through the "European Industrial Emissions Directive" framework, built a complete system of sewage permit, Including perfect hearings, fines, and legal supervision procedures.
The "One Certificate" era is coming, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will start the sewage discharge law enforcement inspection
Abstract unit name, unit address, legal representative, main product capacity, production and discharge nodes, sewage and pollution control facilities, pollutant discharge... From July, all key pollutant discharge enterprises in the thermal power and paper industry must hold ...
Unit name, unit address, legal representative, main product capacity, production and discharge nodes, sewage and pollution control facilities, pollutant discharge ports... From July, all key pollutant discharge enterprises in the thermal power and paper industry must hold A sewage permit for this information.