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Occurrence and control of cabbage white spot disease
Cabbage leukoplakia occurs widely in the north and south of China. In addition to harming cabbage, it also harms many other species of cruciferae, such as cabbage, rapeseed, rapeseed, broccoli, radish, mustard, turnip, small green vegetables, and sauerkraut. It is a disease with a wide distribution and many hosts. Mainly damage the host leaves, produce spots on the leaves, affecting photosynthesis, thereby reducing yield.
1 Symptoms Firstly, there are taupe or yellowish white round lesions on the leaves, which gradually expand into round or nearly round large spots with a diameter of 0.3-1.0 cm. The edges of the lesions are green and the center is grayish white to yellow. White, the diseased part is slightly sunken, thin, and easy to break. When the humidity is high, light gray mold is produced on the back of the lesion. When the disease is serious, the lesions fuse and the leaves die.
2 The pathogen is called Cercospora sinensis, belonging to the fungus Aspergillus.
3 The onset of the disease It mainly adheres to the diseased leaves by hyphae or hyphae at the base of the conidiophores or adheres to the seeds over the winter by conidia. In the following year, spores are spread by the rainwater splash on the leaves, and the spores invade from the stomata after germination, causing initial infection. After the lesions are formed, conidia can be produced and re-infected by wind and rain. The disease can occur on 5 to 28 °C, and the onset temperature is 11 to 23 °C. The average temperature is 23 °C, the relative humidity is higher than 62%, the rainfall is above 16 mm, and the onset occurs 12 to 16 days after the rain. This is the initial infection and the condition is not serious. In the late growth stage, the average temperature is 11-20 °C, and the relative humidity is more than 60%. After reinfection, the disease spreads and continuous rainfall can promote the disease epidemic. The prevalence of leukoplakia is low and it is a low temperature disease. It is heavy in the rainy autumn. In addition, the early planting, continuous cropping years, water head, lack of nitrogen fertilizer or lack of base fertilizer, the plant is weak and the incidence is heavy.
4 Prevention and treatment method 1 Select resistant varieties. Different varieties have different resistance to leukoplakia, and all localities should choose resistant varieties according to local conditions. 2 rounds. It is carried out for more than 3 years, and it is not used for continuous cropping and intercropping with cruciferous vegetables. The former can be wheat, beans, solanaceous fruits, melons and so on. 3 Leveling the land, reducing the waterlogging in the field; planting at the right time; adding base fertilizer, applying topdressing, strengthening management, and enhancing the resistance of the plant to disease. 4 chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used first per 2 mu, urea 3 and water 30 kg spray, 50% mancozeb WP 70-100 g after 2-3 days; 30-50 g 50% The fungicidal wettable powder is mixed with water for 60 kg spray, and the severe plot is sprayed 2-3 times every 7-10 days.
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