Provincial Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team Equipment Capacity Building Guidance

Provincial Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team Equipment Capacity Building Guidance

First, the guiding ideology

In accordance with the relevant provisions and requirements of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Incident Responses" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Earthquake Prevention and Mitigation," refer to "Guidelines and Methods for International Urban Search and Rescue" and combine the experience of national earthquake emergency disaster rescue team equipment capacity building. In order to further standardize the equipment configuration of the provincial-level earthquake disaster rescue team, improve the ability of the provincial-level earthquake disaster rescue team to handle and respond to earthquake disasters and emergencies, and promote the standardization and standardization of earthquake disaster rescue equipment, this opinion has been formulated.

Second, the task of the rescue team

The main task of the provincial rescue team is to help people buried by earthquakes, collapses, mudslides, and other natural disasters and other emergencies caused by the collapse of buildings and have the basic ability to deal with the collapse of buildings in reinforced concrete frame structures in the city.

The provincial rescue team is responsible for the rescue work in the province’s large and medium-sized cities, villages, and neighboring provinces and cities. The rescue team should be an earthquake emergency rescue team that combines “a multi-purpose team, a combined multi-purpose team, a combination of military and civilian, and a combination of peace and war”. , Has the characteristics of rapid response, high mobility, comprehensive technology, well-trained, strong assault. When earthquakes and other disasters occur, they have the ability to safeguard public safety and deal with emergencies, and strive to prevent and reduce natural disasters, accidents, disasters, public health and social security incidents and their losses.

Third, the rescue team's equipment capabilities

The equipment construction of the rescue team should consider seven aspects: its acquisition, transmission and decision-making capabilities, mobility capabilities, investigation capabilities, search capabilities, rescue capabilities, medical capabilities, and logistics support capabilities.

(I) Disaster access, transmission and decision-making capabilities

After a natural disaster or emergency such as an earthquake occurs in the province, the provincial rescue team should be equipped with a disaster information protection group to quickly obtain the disaster within a short period of time (30 minutes) after the earthquake, and according to some disaster information, the scale of the disaster, The ability to make rapid preliminary determinations at the level provides a decision basis for deployment of personnel, equipment, medical care, and logistics support for the rescue team. After arriving at the earthquake site, it has fast access to disasters, real-time acquisition and transmission, and quickly determines rescue targets based on the disaster situation, such as the location of the ruins of the building, the collapse and damage, and the ability to understand the overall situation of the buryed personnel. Decision-making and rescue forces are allocated to provide.

(I) Mobile capabilities

When earthquakes and other natural disasters or emergencies occur in the province, the rescue team should ensure that emergency rescue missions can be performed at any time. Therefore, rescue teams are required to have rapid mobile rescue capabilities. The first is the assembly capacity of the team, which should be assembled within 2 hours and complete all rescue preparations and go directly to the disaster site. In the event that a devastating earthquake or disaster in neighboring provinces and cities requires support, the provincial rescue teams should also have the same capabilities. The second is traffic capacity. Rescue teams within 500 kilometers from the disaster-affected area should have land rapid mobility (the ability to quickly transport personnel, equipment, and supplies to the earthquake disaster relief site under complex road conditions). The disaster area should be 500 kilometers away. Establish air transportation protection mechanism.

(B) the ability to detect

Rescue teams should have the ability to detect the presence of electrical leakage, oxygen/oxygen, toxic and hazardous gases, flammable and explosive gases, etc. inside buildings, in ruins and small spaces at the disaster site, and also consider on-site soil, solids, water quality, and radioactive materials. And other tests.

(c) search capabilities

Rescue teams should have the ability to use humans, dogs and instruments to carry out large-scale multi-point searches for signs of life at the earthquake site.

The search instrument must have the function of anti-interference, fast and accurate positioning through various obstacles.

Dogs should undergo specialized search and rescue training for buildings and structures and test qualified rescue dogs.

(d) Rescue capability

After the rescue team (about 60 people) arrived at the scene of the earthquake disaster, they should have multiple rescue missions at the two rescue sites. The team should rotate every 6 to 12 hours to ensure that the rescue operation will continue 24 hours a day.

The rescue methods commonly used by rescue teams include demolition (rock drilling, shearing), roof bracing (lifting, expansion, pulling), support, and ropes.

1. Demolition

The rescue team's rescue equipment must have certain deterrents, open access, and be able to safely enter. It is required to be able to penetrate the obstruction from above the obstruction and enter the narrow space; from below the obstruction, penetrate the obstruction from the bottom to the top into the narrow space; from the side of the obstruction, laterally penetrate the obstruction Into a small space.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) In a confined space, concrete construction elements with a thickness of ≥150mm are penetrated upwards, downwards and horizontally, such as the breaking and opening of the channels in floors, walls or roofs.

(2) Cut reinforced concrete building components and prestressed columns. Reinforced concrete thickness ≥ 300mm, prestressed column diameter ≥ 450mm, structural steel diameter ≥ 6mm, building reinforcement ≥ 20mm.

(3) The diameter of the cut wooden member is ≥600mm.

(4) Cutting steel diameter ≥ 50mm.

2, top support

The top support equipment of the rescue team has a certain ability to lift, expand and pull loads. Lifting and handling loads are performed from all directions and angles. The movement of large components requires the use of local lifting resources.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Mechanical movement 20M/T (m/ton)

(2) Manually moving 2.5M/T (m/t)

(3) Total lifting force of pneumatic equipment ≥ 245 tons

3, support

The rescue team must have a certain ability to support and stabilize dangerous bodies. It is required to be able to build scaffolding, equipped with wedges, vertically stabilize the pillars of windows and doors, and establish tilting and pillar support.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Use logs or pillars to erect to reinforce doors, windows, walls or floors. Responsible personnel need to design and construct seriously when it is necessary to support the wall or floor. And have a certain woodworking tools and various types of nails.

(2) Use mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic mechanical struts to safely and effectively reinforce and support building components.

4, rope (air rescue)

The rescue team must have certain altitude rescue capabilities, including climbing, descending, trapped persons and rescue equipment at high altitude.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Vertical lifting or horizontal moving equipment, safe moving load not less than 2KN.

(2) The rope is a climbing grade nylon rope with a diameter of 9mm to 13mm.

(3) Rock climbing rescue kit.

(five) medical care

The rescue team must protect the physical and mental health of the players and have the ability to provide emergency medical care, psychological interventions, and safe transshipment for the trapped. Medical evacuation runs through the entire process of rescue operations, and does its utmost to provide disaster diagnosis and treatment as well as sanitation and epidemic prevention.

Rescuers should have the most basic knowledge, methods, and skills for emergency medical care, self-rescue, mutual rescue, health and epidemic prevention, and adaptation to survival.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Have rescue capabilities such as hemostasis, bandaging, fixation, transport, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

(2) Implement medical support for the trapped in the rescue process, and put forward transportation recommendations for the trapped.

(3) Equipment and drugs that can provide on-site medical emergencies.

(4) Rescue team member's own health care, immunization, epidemic prevention and injury treatment.

(5) Search dog care.

(6) Sanitary and epidemic prevention at rescue bases and refugee sites in disaster areas.

(6) Logistics Support

Logistic support is an important part of the emergency rescue work for earthquake disasters. The rescue team should have communication liaison, base construction, and personal equipment.

Specific requirements are as follows:

1. Communications

When a major earthquake or catastrophe occurs and the public communications network is destroyed, the rescue should have the following communications capabilities:

(1) Front and rear telecom capabilities, complete voice, data and image transmission.

(2) Communication capabilities between the on-site command and the rescue team commanders and rescue teams.

(3) Communication capabilities during the rescue, including front and rear command centers and communication capabilities between vehicles.

2. Base construction

The construction of the rescue operation base is a place for providing rescue teams and rescue teams with various rescue guarantees and living guarantees, laying the foundation for the success of the rescue operation. The base carries out work divisions according to the needs of the rescue mission: command communication area, medical rescue area, decontamination area, equipment storage area, logistic supply area, player assembly area, player living area, search dog area, and vehicle parking area.

Corresponding protection equipment includes:

(1) Command, office equipment and maps.

(2) Provide rescue teams for camping, commanding, communications, and medical facilities.

(3) Guarantee food and drinking water of the team for more than 72 hours.

(4) Safeguard of power and lighting at bases and rescue sites, including the acquisition and storage of fuel.

(5) Safety warning facilities and fire fighting equipment.

(6) Living facilities include: camping support for various seasons, clothing, washing, sipping, clothes, toilets, garbage disposal, and other facilities.

(7) Medical rescue, health and epidemic prevention and decontamination equipment .

(8) Maintenance tools and spare parts to ensure the normal operation of the rescue equipment during the rescue.

(9) Transport and transportation of equipment and personnel between protection and rescue sites.

3, personal equipment

The rescue team should guarantee the personal safety and life requirements of the team members at the rescue site. The team members should be equipped with the necessary personal protection and life equipment.

Specific requirements are as follows:

(1) Rescue clothing, helmets, goggles, spotlights, gloves, first aid kits, personal kits, rescue boots, etc.

(2) Breathing filter masks in a dusty environment.

(3) Empty pagers in pits, tunnels or in the presence of toxic or hazardous gases.

(4) Alarm equipment in the rescue.

(5) Protective gear and earplugs for rock cutting and cutting.

(6) Personal life equipment.

Fourth, the provincial rescue team equipment configuration reference plan (see Annex)

Attachment:

Provincial rescue team equipment configuration reference plan

Category Number Name Quantity

1 Search / Investigate

1 Search and rescue dogs 3

2 Sound/Vibration Life Detectors 1

3 Optical Detector 1

4 Explosive gas detectors 1

5 Oxygen gas detector 1

6 Leakage detector 1

Optional

1 Electromagnetic wave 1

2 Thermal imaging life detector 1

3 Composite Gas Detector 1

2 Demolition

1 Large internal combustion hydraulic pump 2

2 small motor-driven internal combustion hydraulic pump 3

3 manual hydraulic pump 2

4 heavy hydraulic dilators 2

5 Lightweight hydraulic expanders 2

6 heavy hydraulic shears 2

7 heavy expansion cutter 2

8 Slotter 1

9 Internal combustion chain saw 2

10 internal combustion toothless saw (with accessories) 1

Stone cutting blade 10

Metal cutting saw blades 10

11 Cement cutting saw 2

12 Gasoline crushers 1

13 Conventional rock drill 1

14 Crowbar manual breaking tool 6

15 Crowbar 8

16 Afterburner pliers 6

17 20m hydraulic double pipe 2

18 10m hydraulic double pipe 4

19 5m hydraulic double pipe 4

20 5m hydraulic single pipe 2

Optional

1 Heavy-duty rescue equipment: hydraulic power station, hydraulic breaker, cutting saw, hydraulic rock drill. 1

2 Rebar cutters 1

3 double countersaw 1

4 Arc cutting machine 1

5 SOS Manual Rescue Tools 1

6 Door opener 1

3 Lift

1 rescue top 2

2 manual hydraulic jacks 2

3 24 tons high pressure lifting support air cushion 2

4 40 tons high pressure lifting support air cushion 4

5 High pressure lifting support air cushion attachment 2

6 Carbon fiber spare cylinder (aluminum liner) 8

7 Small cylinder inflator (internal combustion engine) 2

8 Large Struts 1

9 Safety Mat 2

10 Retractors (with pulleys and other accessories) 1

Match 1 23T support balloon 2

2 58T support balloon 2

4 Power Lighting

1 2KVA Gasoline Generator Set 2

2 5-6KVA Gasoline Generator Set 3

3 10.5KVA gasoline generator set 1

4 Domestic - Lunar Lights 2

5 500W lights (including tripods) 4

6 Pneumatic Lifting Lights (6m) 2

7 Handy light search light 40

8 50-meter light illumination line 2

5 Auxiliary tools

1 Rescue tripod (with lifter) 1

2 Rescue helmets (including lights) 100

3 20 m2 inflatable tent 1

4 Camping tents (10 people) 10

5 10m rescue rope 60

6 20m tensioner 60

7 Positive pressure smoke exhauster (internal combustion engine) 1

8 folding ladder 1

9 Climbing Life Saving Kit 1

10 Rescue fork hooks (sets) 40

11 Single cylinder respirator 4

12 Tube Locker 1

13 Warning rope (500 meters) 10

14 luminous signs 20

15 Repair Tools (sets) 2

6 people equipment

1 Rescue service 60

2 Anti-puncture rescue boots 60

3 Cut-proof gloves 60

4 Dust mask (with filter) 60

5 Backpacks 60

6 sleeping bags 60

7 moisture pad 60

8 Whistle 60

9 Wide Tape/Notebook/Pen 60

10 lunch boxes, 60

11 water bag 60

12 Medical Kits 60

7 Communication

1 Handset 30

2 Vehicle Station 5

3 Inverter 2

1 Minl-M satellite phone 2

2 M4 Maritime Satellite

3 handheld GPS satellite locator 2

8 Medical

1 shovel stretcher 2

2 Disaster-Resistant Spinal Board 6

3 boat stretcher (sets) 2

4 Ambu perfit ACE cervical collar 20

5 Defibrillator 1

Optional

1 Shaft Stretcher 1

2 joint splints 6

3 Medical First Aid Kits 2

4 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training model

9 vehicles

1 Command car 1

2 Equipment Transporter 1

3 Carriers 2

4 canine cars 1

Optional 1 Communication Vehicle 1

2 Field Equipment Transporter 1

3 medical vehicles 1

4 Equipment maintenance truck 1

5 Logistics Support Vehicle 1

10 Disaster Acquisition and Transmission Equipment

1 Rapid disaster determination system 1

2 Individual soldier disaster collection system 5

3 Vehicle Disaster Acquisition System 1

4 Onboard disaster capture and relay system 1

5 Disaster Reality Acquisition and Processing System (If Conditional) 1

6 Individual Knapsack Communication System 2

7 Vehicle-mounted One-to-four Mobile Networking System 1

8 Real-time dynamic video acquisition and transmission system 1

9 On-site Rescue Disposal Assistant Decision System 1

Optional

1 Rapid disaster determination system 1

2 Seismic Digital Communication 5

3 PDA type acquisition and transmission equipment 5

4 Portable Video Capture Devices 2

5 Car Video Acquisition System 1

6 UAV disaster acquisition and relay system 1

7 Disaster 3D Digital Acquisition and Processing System (Conditional) 1

8 Individual Knapsack Communication System 2

9 Handheld cat equipment 2

10 Vehicle-mounted One-to-four Mobile Networking System 1

11 Central System 1

12 Mobile Relay System 1

13 On-site Rescue Disposal Assistant Decision System 1

*(This configuration list is based on a 60-user basic configuration. Each rescue team can make adjustments based on its specific conditions.)

Disaster acquisition, transmission and determination

V. Conclusion

By studying the UN TNSARAC guidelines and the status quo of equipment deployment of emergency rescue teams in developed countries, we have summarized several domestic and international rescue practices since the establishment of the China International Rescue Team, developed a classification method for rescue equipment, and proposed the basic standards for the equipment configuration of provincial rescue teams. The provincial rescue teams may, based on the specific conditions of the economic and social development level of each region and the characteristics of earthquake disasters, increase or decrease or supplement the rescue equipment of the province on the basis of this plan, so as to maximize the capacity for earthquake disaster rescue.