Is rice also genetically modified? A change without gunpowder is taking place on the table of 1.3 billion Chinese people. On August 17, 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture approved two kinds of security certificates for the production and application of transgenic rice and corn. Although the issuance of security certificates does not mean commercialization, the commercial cultivation of GM rice has actually been quietly carried out in Hubei and other places. During the two sessions, more than 120 professors and scholars, including Li Changping, director of the China Rural Construction Research Center of Hebei University, jointly proposed suggestions to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and suggested that whether the GM staple food should be promoted should be heard by the public. Since the application of genetically modified technology in agriculture, there have been many disputes about ecological security, food safety, and human health. Over the years, both parties to the dispute have cited a large number of arguments to prove their views, but they could not convince each other. In this provocative debate, the agricultural producers and food consumers who are the protagonists have never had the opportunity to speak. China News Weekly tried to look at the commercialization of GM rice carefully from the perspective of farmers and consumers. From the perspective of farmers, what are the benefits and risks of genetically modified crops? For consumers, their right to know and choice should be in what position in this major issue concerning the food safety of all people? We believe that such prudence will inevitably lead to more transparent decision-making, supervision, and a healthier future for Chinese people. Paddy field In Hubei and other places, transgenic insect-resistant rice has already formed on a large scale. This reporter / Pang Qinghui (from Wuhan) Huguangshu cooked, the world is full. In late March in Wuhan, the temperature was close to 30 degrees after a heavy rain, which is a good time for spring. There are still a few days that are clear and bright. The farmers who are going to lay down are eager to buy rice seeds. Dong Kejiang, a villager in the Dong Village, Jianlou Building, Jiangxia District, stands on the plough of the old water buffalo, and breaks up a large bandit rubbish on the land just overturned. Dong Kejiang wondered whether he was going to buy insect-resistant genetically modified rice seeds or whether he would buy ordinary rice seeds. Dong Kejiang hesitated because the current transgenic insect-resistant rice is not legal. But Dong Kejiang and his neighbors are no strangers to this kind of “anti-insect seed†or “seed without drugsâ€. "The village has been planting for more than three years. There is always someone who can buy this seed," Dong Kejiang said. The surname Hu Xing from the village of Tang Tucun in Wulijie Town also told the China News Weekly reporter: “In 2004, Wulijie began planting (this kind of seed that did not fight drugs).†On March 2 this year, the head of the Agriculture GMO Safety Management Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, responding to reporters on the advancement of research and application of genetically modified technology, stated that the issuance of GMO safety certificates is not the same as allowing commercial production. "According to the "Regulations on Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms," "Seeds Law of the People's Republic of China" and "Regulations for the Examination and Approval of Major Crop Variety," and other laws and regulations, strict regional trials and production trials are conducted first, and certification certificates for species can be obtained only when standards are met; After that, related seed companies must obtain GMP crop seed production licenses and business licenses through rigorous examination before they can conduct seed production and operation.†That is to say, the current practice of selling, planting genetically modified rice and seeds in the market Is not legal. In August 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture approved for the first time the production and application safety certificates for the transgenic insect-resistant rice “Huahui 1†and “Bt Shanyou 63â€. Old rice seeds are hard to find More than 30 years old Dong Kejiang has been growing rice for more than 30 years. When recalling his father's generation of rice, Dong Kejiang remembers not to use pesticides. Rice can even raise fish. When the harvest is completed, open the rice plants and you can see the frogs popping out. “At that time, rice was delicious and you could eat a bowl of rice without having to eat vegetables.†In the 1950s and 1960s, when Dong Kejiang was young, the old varieties of rice planted at home were rough and the plants were tall, but the yield was only about 300. jin. At that time, there were few insect pests, and the method of fighting insects was simply killing (the moth-repelling lamp). "Although the crops were eaten by pests, there were many beneficial insects and they were well protected. Most of them were left to us. †In the late 1970s, the government promoted a high-yielding “five-eighth†rice seed. The rice leaves are fresh, very insect-like, and the plants are short and fall. In the case of pests and diseases, farmers were forced to use pesticides. The breeding ability of beneficial insects such as frogs and rice field spiders is inherently weak, and the number of poisonous insecticides has drastically decreased. As a result, the natural ecological environment that was nearly perfect has never returned. After a few years, Dong Kejiang’s father felt that pesticides were in trouble and he missed the old varieties that did not require pesticides. Dong Kejiang and his father had gone a long way before recovering some of the local rice varieties that had been lost in a remote village. "But after the second year of planting, all other insects in the fields ran in this field or harvested them." Dong Kejiang said that these old rice seeds are now gone. However, the conventional breeding of Dong Kejiang’s father’s memory has not been mainstreamed at the level of government research and development. "In the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the government’s R&D support for genetically modified varieties was 3 billion yuan, compared with 1.8 billion for conventional breeding.†Chen Wenfu, deputy to the National People's Congress, director of the Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, was in two sessions in 2010. Said in the speech. Jiang Gaoming, chief researcher at the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told reporters at China News Weekly that after the approval of the GM rice safety certificate, he particularly wanted to preserve more old varieties of various crops. When he investigated in Shandong, he discovered that the farmers who had planted genetically modified cotton now want to plant traditional cotton, and the seeds are hard to find. Unknown to plant transgenic rice The farmers want high yields. Dong Kejiang calculated an account for the reporter of “China News Weeklyâ€: two acres of fertilizer for one mu of land, about 100 yuan, 40 yuan for seeds of two and a half kilograms, and about 50 yuan for pesticides and 30 waterings. Money, not artificial, costs more than 200 yuan per mu. And now the government collects grain at 8 cents a pound, the early rice yields about 700 pounds, and the late rice has a pound or so. In a year, an acre of rice sold on the farm can sell an average of more than 600 bucks, minus the cost. More than 400 yuan of profit left. “The cost of farmer farming has now risen by 25%. Even if insect-resistant seeds are used, the output of rice can only increase production by 8%.†Wei Wuxin, a technician at Wulijie Town Agricultural Technology Service Center, also has an account. Last year, the seeds of ordinary hybrid rice sold for 7 yuan a pound, this year has sold 15 dollars, a film from 50 dollars a barrel, rose to 80 dollars a barrel, the old buffalo rose from nearly 1,000 pieces to nearly 4,000 Many are two or three partners to buy a cow. "The farmer can't decide on any price. He can only decide on his own output." Wei Wu told reporters at China News Weekly. "More pesticides are used, and insects produce less, producing large fertilizers and producing high yields of rice." However, in recent years, farmers have used pesticides and chemical fertilizers excessively. This way of planting has also threatened the health of consumers and land. Around 2005, a kind of genetically modified rice that could be used without drugs and high yield appeared in areas such as Jiangxia, Xiaogan and Xianning in Hubei Province, and the local farmers were very excited. Dong Kejiang told the “China News Weekly†reporter that at first they did not know that it was a genetically modified rice seed and thought it was another new hybrid rice variety promoted by the government. “People in the seed company say that this kind of insect can resist insects and increase production, and many people use it to try it.†Dong Kejiang said. This Bt transgenic rice, after introducing a special gene into rice, will produce Bt protein, which will cause the rice borer to cause intestinal paralysis and die. It is this special anti-insect function that can reduce the use of pesticides in rice, and thus achieve the purpose of increasing production. "There are seed companies in agricultural stations, and there are also individual seed companies, all selling." Dong Kejiang said. Such rice seeds are not labeled as genetically modified varieties on the packaging. Most of them have only painted a small bug on the packaging. This is a hidden sign of the emergence of genetically modified rice varieties in Hubei. "At first it was a few species, and then it gradually spread. Everyone started rushing to plant species." Many villagers in the land of Dong Kejiang's land have planted this insect-resistant rice. The farmer Hu Xing, who lives in the village of Tangtu Village in Wulijie Town, also told a reporter from China News Weekly that in 2004, he also planted 3 acres of this kind of insect-resistant rice. If it is against the law, the seed company says it is cultivated by the government," said Hu, a farmer. Farmers planting GM rice are very cautious about eating this kind of rice. The surnamed Hu Peasant in Tang Tucun told reporters that at the time, his three-acre rice was sold to a private rice factory or sold to a grain office. The neighbor’s rice sold for the rest was fed to the chicken. . What the Hu family farmers eat is the two-acre early rice planted by their own family, which is a traditional rice that they left behind. The seed prices of genetically modified rice are expensive. According to the price of seeds in Jiangxia in 2005, non-transgenic rice seeds cost about 5 jin per catty, and genetically modified rice seeds cost at least 15 jin per catty, and they can sell over 40 at the highest price. “The price is high. Like gambling, no one at the time knew whether it would be possible to increase production.†Some villagers also adopted a wait-and-see attitude like Dong Kejiang. According to the “Greenpeace†investigation report, “Hubei, Xianning, Jiangxia and other areas in Hubei Province have large-scale genetically modified rice cultivation. At least 950 to 1200 tons of genetically modified rice have flowed into the market in Hubei in 2004. In 2005, they were sold. Seeds will reach 47,000 to 58,000 jins, planting an area of ​​23,500 mu to 29,000 mu and producing 11750 to 14500 tons of genetically modified rice. These GM rice have already flowed from Hubei to cities like Guangzhou, Zhongshan, Shunde and Zhuhai.†The conclusion of the above-mentioned large-scale planting of GM rice in Hubei was confirmed at the professor Wang Caiwei of the College of Agronomy and Biotechnology at China Agricultural University. “Some scientists have their own seed company behind and they put the product directly into their own company to sell. Profits are their own." On Newsweek, a US magazine published on December 20th, 2004, the recipient of the 2009 Bt Genetically Modified Rice Safety Certificate, a professor at Huazhong Agricultural University and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhang Heixi said in an interview with the magazine that “there is the largest in China. The GM rice field trial in Wuhan, 'a seed company has acquired the seeds of genetically modified rice and has begun to sell to local farmers, there are more than 100 hectares of genetically modified rice is being planted.'" At the time, the magazine stated that Zhang Qiwei was "a scientific advisor to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture." This high-profile speech has also enabled domestic and foreign counterparts in the field of genetic transformation to believe that the commercial planting of genetically modified rice in China in the spring of 2006 is "very likely to be realized." In 2004 and 2005, the sources of seed efflux from GM rice were planted. The evidence points to Huazhong Agricultural University. Wei Wu, from the Agricultural Technology Service Center in Wulijie Town, Jiangxia District, confirmed to the reporter of China News Weekly: “The seeds were first started by Huanong, and Huanong was out of stock this year. We have no goods.†Since August 18, 2009, when the GM Rice Safety Certificate was approved more than six months ago, on March 2, 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture answered the reporter’s questions on agricultural GM technology and biosafety for the first time and stated that: “As of now, the Ministry of Agriculture has never approved Any kind of seeds of GM food crops are imported into commercial plants in China, and there are no GMO crops grown in China." "Is it right to fight drugs or to fight drugs?" In appearance, there is no difference between traditional hybrid rice and transgenic insect-resistant rice. Dong Kejiang told the "China News Weekly" reporter that the two paddy rice fields are very easy to distinguish. The former looks a bit embarrassed because the medicine is no better, and it will be eaten by insects; the latter is all green and straight, "because bugs do not eat." "The output is not much higher, and it is said that it is not to fight drugs, but it is still necessary to fight once in the age of seedlings." Farmer Hu told the "China News Weekly" reporter, genetically modified rice rice can only resist worms, can not resist other insects. The locusts eat the grain of the valley, the grain glutinous rice, and rice plant hoppers. “Now the rice plant hoppers are more common than locusts, and they eat from the bottom up. They need to be divided into boxes to play. There is a grid and a grid, like isolated SARS patients.†In 2007 and 2008, Jiangxia District had a large number of villages. Large fields were eaten by rice planthoppers, and no crops were harvested. Dong Kejiang has always wondered how the bugs are so much more powerful than before. "In the past, insects were more likely to die. Early rice did not need to fight drugs. Late rice can be used once or twice. Now that the early rice fights twice and the late rice fights five times, it is very difficult to kill the insects." At the same time, he also worried that even if it was The use of pesticides, locusts or locusts, rice plant hoppers or rice planthoppers, “This high-tech seed will not make worms more afraid of medicine and become something we do not know.†In his simple thoughts, for so many years, With the development of science and technology, seeds are developing and insects are also developing. Dong Kejiang's concern is not without reason. In fact, the situation he feared has already appeared during the cultivation of genetically modified cotton in China. In 2009, after 8 years of planting transgenic insect-resistant cotton in Dafeng City, a “cotton town†in Jiangsu Province, although the genes of the cotton bollworm were still playing a role, the “blind pupa†and tobacco pollen that originally harmed the bollworms The sucking-type small pests such as spider mites, aphids and aphids have concentrated on large outbreaks and their drug use has increased. Food Industry,Honey Transfer Pump,Soup Stock Transfer Pump,Fructose Pump NINGBO DURREX PUMPS CO.,LTD , https://www.durrexlobepump.com
Hubei has eradicated tens of thousands of mu of transgenic rice