Machined-Ring Needle Roller Bearings Machined Ring Needle Roller Bearings
Machined-Ring Needle Roller Bearings Zaozhuang Yiding Bearing Co.,Ltd , https://www.yidingbearing.com
From the materials of a survey conducted by the US Army, we know that from 1980 to 1990, there were 1,147,700 optical components required for US military lasers and infrared thermal imaging products, of which 635,900 spherical optical parts were used. The spherical optical parts were 234,600, the planar optical parts were 181,000, and the polyhedral scanning mirrors were 96,200. Take the M1 tank as an example. It uses about 90 lenses, 30 prisms, and various mirrors, windows, and laser components. Another example is the small AN/AVS-6 pilot night vision goggles, which uses 9 aspherical optical parts and 2 spherical optical parts.
Since the 1970s, military optical technology represented by infrared thermal imaging and high-energy lasers has developed rapidly. The military optical system not only requires good image quality, but also requires small size, light weight, and simple structure. This is a severe test for the optical processing industry. In order to keep up with the development of the times and design and produce an optical imaging system with excellent texture, the optical parts processing industry carried out large-scale technological revolution and innovation activities in the 1970s, and researched and developed many new optical parts processing methods, such as aspherical surfaces. The processing method of optical parts. In the past 10 years, new optical parts processing technology has been further promoted and popularized. At present, the optical component processing technologies commonly used abroad mainly include: computer numerical control single point diamond turning technology, optical glass lens molding technology, optical plastic molding technology, computer numerical control grinding and polishing technology, epoxy resin replication technology, electroforming molding. Technology...and traditional grinding and polishing techniques. I. Computer numerical control single-point diamond turning technology Computer numerical control single-point diamond turning technology is a non-spherical optical parts processing technology developed by the US National Defense Scientific Research Institute in the 1960s and popularized in the 1980s. It is a super-precision CNC lathe, using natural single crystal diamond tools, under the precise control of the machine tool and the processing environment, directly using diamond tools to single-point turning to produce aspherical optical parts that meet optical quality requirements. The technology is mainly used for processing optical components of small and medium-sized infrared crystals and metal materials. It is characterized by high production efficiency, high processing precision, good repeatability, suitable for mass production, and processing cost is significantly lower than conventional processing technology. The optical parts with a diameter of 120 mm or less processed by the diamond turning technology have a surface accuracy of l/2 to 1 l and a root mean square value of 0.02 to 0.06 mm.
At present, materials that can be processed by diamond turning technology are: non-ferrous metals, antimony, plastics, infrared optical crystals (cadmium cadmium telluride, cadmium telluride, polysilicon, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, chlorination). Antimony, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lithium niobate, KDK crystal) electroless nickel, beryllium copper, sulfhydryl chalcogenide glass, and the like. All of the above materials can directly meet the optical surface quality requirements. This technology can also process glass, titanium, tungsten and other materials, but currently can not directly meet the optical surface quality requirements, need to enter a polishing and polishing. In addition to being used for direct processing of spherical and aspherical optical parts, CNC single-point diamond turning technology can also be used to machine various optical parts forming molds and optical parts, such as glass molds, replica molds, optical plastics. Injection molding dies and machines for copying epoxy optical parts. This technology, combined with ion beam polishing technology, can process high-precision aspherical optical components; combined with hardened carbon film processes and epoxy replication techniques, it produces relatively inexpensive precision aspheric mirrors and lenses. The application of this technology will be further expanded if additional grinding attachments or ceramic tools are used on diamond lathes, precision fixtures are installed, and diamond cutting at -100 °C is used.
At present, the optical center of the University of Arizona in the United States has used this technology to replace the traditional manual processing technology, but when processing glass optical parts, it can not be directly ground into optical mirrors that meet the quality requirements, and still needs flexible polishing. The technical and economic effect of single-point diamond turning optical parts is very obvious. For example, a 90° off-axis parabolic mirror with a diameter of 100mm is processed. If it is processed by the traditional grinding and polishing process, the surface precision is up to 3mm (5l), and the processing time needs 12 pieces. In the month, the cost of processing each parabolic mirror is $50,000. The diamond turning method can be completed in 3 weeks, the processing cost is only 0.40 US dollars, and the surface accuracy can reach 0.6 μm (1λ). Honeywell uses this technology to process the 4-sided scanning mirror of the AN/AAD-5 infrared reconnaissance device. The size of each side of the rotating mirror is 88.9'203.2mm, the flatness of each side is required to be l/2, and the angular precision is 90°±42. With a lathe, 124 scanning rotating mirrors were machined in 15 months, and the quality met the design requirements. Each rotating mirror saves $2,770 more than machining with conventional machining methods. Honeywell used the process to produce 200 4-sided rotating mirrors, saving nearly $900,000. Moreover, 100,000 flat mirrors were processed for the AN/AAD-5 infrared reconnaissance device, saving more than $10 million. During the 10 years from 1980 to 1990, the processing costs of four military optical parts, such as plane (50'50mm), polyhedron (90mm diameter), spherical surface (100mm diameter), and aspheric surface (diameter 125mm), were calculated according to conservative economic effects. The US Department of Defense saved a total of about $400 million.
The diamond turning machine tool is the key technology of the diamond turning process. Without the diamond turning machine tool, it is impossible to realize the new process of diamond turning optical parts. Diamond turning machine tools are high-precision machine tools. The spindle precision and slide motion accuracy of machine tools are several orders of magnitude higher than those of general machine tools. Spindle bearings and slide guides usually use air bearings and hydraulic static support structures. The relative position is measured by a laser displacement measuring device. In the whole process of workpiece machining, the surface error of the workpiece is measured by a laser interferometer. A feedback device is provided on the lathe to compensate for motion errors. The main manufacturers of diamond lathes are Moore Precision Machine Tool Company of the United States and Punemo Precision Company. After entering the 1990s, Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. of Japan also began to produce such lathes. The main products produced and sold by Moore Precision Machine Tool Co., Ltd. are Moore M-18, -40 aspherical processing machine, Moore T type bed machine, Moore optical plane processing machine, Moore M-18 oil-leaf aspheric processing machine, etc. The products produced and sold by Punomo Precision include MSG-325, ASG-2500, Nanoform600 and Ultra 2000. The product produced and sold by Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. is a ULG-100A (H) diamond lathe.
The price of a diamond lathe is very expensive and is constantly increasing. Take the MSG325 lathe as an example. In the early 1980s, each price was 300,000 to 400,000 US dollars, and by the early 1990s, each price had risen to nearly 1 million US dollars. This price is not a small economic burden for users, and it is difficult to promote popularization and application. Therefore, countries are actively researching and developing low-cost diamond turning machines. Here are a few diamond turning machines that are currently being promoted.
(1) Mohr M-18 Aspherical Machining Machine Moer M-18 Aspherical Machining Machine is a 3-axis computer numerical control ultra-precision machining system that can be turned by single-point diamond tool or grinding wheel. Processes a wide range of high-precision planar, spherical and aspherical optical parts, as well as mold surfaces and other surfaces. The combination of diamond turning and grinding wheel grinding expands the machining capabilities of the machine. For example, precision molds can be machined in one such diamond lathe. Firstly, a grinding wheel is used to machine a uniform tolerance surface on the mold base, and then electroless nickel is plated. Finally, a single-point diamond cutter is used to turn the electroless nickel surface to complete the finishing of the mold. The machine tool uses the Allen-Bradley 7320, 8200 or General Electric 2000 CNC computer system. The position control of the lathe uses the Newlett-Packard 5501A laser sensor system. The main technical performance indicators of the Moer M-18 machine are as follows: X-axis stroke 410mm; Z-axis stroke 230mm; air bearing spindle center to work surface distance is 292mm, the distance to the rotating table is 178mm; X-axis and Z-axis are The linearity of all strokes is 0.5mm; the perpendicularity of the X-axis and the Z-axis on all strokes is 1μrad; the deflection angle of the X-axis and Z-axis on all strokes is 0.5μrads; the positioning accuracy on the entire stroke of the X-axis and Z-axis 1.5mm; the positioning accuracy of the X-axis and Z-axis for each 25.4mm stroke is 0.5mm; the angular deviation of the B-axis when rotating 360° is ±3μrads; the X-axis and Z-axis reading accuracy is 5mm; the B-axis reading accuracy is 1.3 Radrads; the axial error of the spindle is 0.05mm, the radial error is 0.2mrad; the volume of the machine tool (high 'length' width) is 1778'2032'1800mm.
(2) Punemo MSG-325 diamond lathe Punaimo MSG-325 diamond lathe is a computer numerical control type double-axis diamond lathe. The machine uses a 6t granite base with a granite base mounted on a compressed air cushion to isolate vibrations and reduce vibration to 2Hz. Both the X and Z slides are mounted on a granite base. The two slides are mounted perpendicular to each other with a vertical accuracy of 0.76 mm over the entire stroke. The X slide has an interchangeable tool holder and the Z slide has an air bearing spindle. The precise position of the movement of the two slides is measured with a laser sensor system with an accuracy of 0.025 mm. The machine can process a variety of spherical and aspherical lenses for infrared and visible light applications, Fresnel lenses, mirrors, off-cone cross-section mirrors, polyhedral mirrors, and precision video lenses. In the process of optical parts processing, a laser interferometer can be used for surface non-contact measurement of the workpiece. The main technical performance indicators of the machine tool are as follows: the main shaft of the machine tool adopts air bearing. At 1000 rpm, the radial and axial runout are 0.1mm at the front end; the drive motor is 1/3HP100～2400 rev/min DC. Servo motor; the X-slider with air bearing has a nominal size of 609'762mm, a maximum stroke of 304mm, a maximum moving speed of 20cm/min, a horizontal motion error of 0.5mm, a vertical motion error of 1.27mm, and a precision lead screw drive. Motor 1HP0 ~ 2500 rev / min; Z slide maximum stroke is 203mm, other performance indicators are the same as X slide; the diameter of the workpiece is 356mm for normal machine structure, 560mm for large-aperture machine tool; The maximum machining depth is 204mm; when the workpiece diameter is 150mm, the surface accuracy of the machined workpiece can reach l/2.
(3) ULG-100A (H) type ultra-precision aspherical diamond lathe This machine is a product of Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd. in the 1990s. Since June 1992, it has produced 2 sets per month, and each machine tool is priced at 50 million yen. The machine tool spindle adopts high rigidity and ultra-precision air static bearing, and the machine numerical control device has feedback function. It can process a variety of optical parts and metal molds for aspheric lens molding. Processing accuracy can reach 0.01mm. Molded metal molds use diamond tools and grinding wheels for turning and grinding to achieve mirror quality. The main technical performance indicators of the machine tool are as follows: The maximum stroke of the X axis (grinding wheel shaft) of the machine tool is 150mm; the maximum stroke of the Z axis (workpiece axis) is 100mm; the maximum speed of the grinding wheel shaft is 40,000 rev / min; the grinding wheel motor is 1kW / 40,000 rpm / Min; workpiece shaft speed 20~1500 rev / min; workpiece shaft motor 0.25kW / 3000 rev / min; grinding wheel spindle axial and radial runout 0.05mm; workpiece spindle axial and radial runout 0.05mm; X axis moving straight line The property is 0.1mm/150mm; the Z-axis moves linearly 0.1mm/100mm.
The machined ring of this bearing type contains needle rollers and a cage. The outer ring and the needle rollers are inseparable from each other by means of double-side ribs on the outer ring or side plates.
Because of its machined (solid) outer ring enabling to make it more rigid and upgrade the bearing accuracy, this bearing type is suitable for an application requiring high speed, high load and high running accuracy. These machined ring needle roller bearings are available in two types - one without Inner Ring and another with inner ring - considering the case of using a shaft as the direct raceway surface without using inner ring.
Development Status of Foreign Diamond in Optical Processing Technology
Nowadays, it is not difficult to find that almost all kinds of photoelectric sensor components are equipped in the military weapon system, and various optical components are used more or less in these photoelectric sensor components.