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1. Carry out the principle of “prevention first, anti-heavier treatment†according to the local and local epidemic situation and epidemic situation. When there is no disease, use the quarantine vaccination purposefully, and use preventive drugs for prevention. When the disease is ill, it is administered according to the actual situation.
2, the correct diagnosis is a prerequisite for rational use of drugs, once the disease occurs, livestock should be used as much as possible to determine the cause of the disease. According to the results of the diagnosis, the pathogen is determined, and the drug with high sensitivity and small adverse reaction to the pathogenic microorganism is selected early for treatment. In the place where conditions permit, the pathogenic bacteria can be isolated, the drug sensitivity test is carried out, and the drug is selected according to the result to avoid blind drug use.
3. Select drugs according to the principle of “effective, economical, safe and convenient†when selecting drugs. Choose products of veterinary drug manufacturers with guaranteed quality and good reputation. It is absolutely impossible to choose some drugs with no factory name, no approval number, no date of manufacture, no active ingredient content, low price but not effective effect. Expired drugs cannot be used.
4, the dose of appropriate antibacterial drugs must be appropriate, not too much or too little. If the dose is too small, it will not reach the effective therapeutic concentration, it will not be therapeutic, and it will lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The dose is too large, which will cause waste, increase the cost of medicine, and cause toxic and side effects and drug residues. . For more acute conditions, double the amount for the first or first day in order to give the pathogen a fatal blow, followed by the second and third days. The diseased animals with liver and kidney dysfunction should be reduced according to the degree of liver and kidney affected by the antibiotics used. The antibacterial drugs mainly used for renal excretion should not be used too much when treating urinary tract infections.
5, the appropriate course of treatment of general infectious diseases and infectious diseases should be used continuously for 3-5 days, until the symptoms disappeared and then take the drug for 1-2 days to consolidate the effect. For some chronic infections, the course of treatment should be extended appropriately. For example, the treatment of chicken infectious rhinitis should be no less than 7 days, otherwise it is easy to relapse. The medication time is too short, can not completely kill the pathogens, easily lead to recurrence of old diseases, bring difficulties to re-treatment; too long medication, it will also cause drug waste, drug residues and animal poisoning.
6. Appropriate route of administration The usual methods of administration are mixing, drinking and injection. The choice of route of administration should be based on the characteristics of the drug itself, the dosage form, the condition and the appetite and drinking conditions of the sick animal. For drugs that are easily soluble in water and whose aqueous solution is stable, it can be administered by drinking water. In order to ensure the effect, water should be stopped for 1-2 hours before administration. For drugs that are insoluble or insoluble in water (such as 痢特çµ), they should be administered with the mixture. When mixing the mixture, pay attention to mixing thoroughly to prevent uneven mixing, causing insufficient intake of individual livestock and poultry. Poisoning due to lack of therapeutic effects and excessive intake of individual livestock. For drugs that are difficult to absorb in the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to control the development of the disease in a timely manner. For the treatment of some systemic diseases such as sepsis and bacteremia, injection administration is preferred. For poultry with a large number of subjects, oral administration (drinking water, mixing) is convenient, while for sporadic livestock, the efficacy of injection is reliable.
7. Pay attention to the compatibility of drugs. The purpose of clinical combination therapy is to achieve synergistic or additive effects by using different drugs, which can improve the efficacy, reduce the dosage, reduce or avoid the toxicity, prevent or delay the drug-resistant strains. Produced, such as the commercially available lignanmycin is a mixture of lincomycin and spectinomycin. However, improper compatibility may result in incompatibility, affecting its efficacy, and even bring about adverse consequences. For example, the combination of penicillin and tetracycline may interfere with the action of penicillin, and the combination of the two aminosteroids may enhance its toxicity. Therefore, when a variety of drugs are combined in clinical use, it is necessary to consider whether there is a contraindication between the mechanism of action and the physicochemical properties of different drugs, and whether it can be used in combination, especially the compatibility between injections should be more noteworthy.
8. Rotational medication to prevent the development of drug resistance. Long-term use of a certain antibacterial drug, pathogenic microorganisms are prone to drug resistance, thereby reducing the efficacy of the drug or invalidating the drug. Therefore, it is necessary to choose several effective drugs to be used interchangeably, so as to avoid or delay the development of drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms and give full play to the role of drugs. For recurrent diseases, drugs or new varieties that have not been used for a long time should be replaced, which is more conducive to controlling disease development.
9. When using drugs during long-distance transportation, transfer group, climate mutation and poultry breakage, use multi-vitamins, antibiotics and other anti-stress agents for mixing or drinking water for 3-5 days to prevent Animals are stressed, and the body's resistance is reduced to induce other diseases.
10, to prevent the impact of immune response, resulting in immune failure, some antibacterial drugs such as gentamicin, chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol, indole, etc. have immunosuppressive effects, so during livestock immunization, should try not to have the above An immunosuppressive antibacterial agent. In addition, antibacterial drugs have inhibitory or killing effects on live vaccines such as attenuated vaccines against pig erysipelas, attenuated vaccines against piglets, and attenuated vaccines against cholera, affecting antibody production, so within a few days before and after immunization with live vaccines, It is best not to use antibiotics and chemically synthesized antibacterials.
11. Take comprehensive treatment measures. When using antibacterial drugs for treatment, attention should be paid to comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as strengthening feeding management, enhancing the body's resistance, appropriate necessary symptomatic treatment, strict disinfection and sanitation work, and correction. Electrolyte and acid-base balance, etc., to improve the therapeutic effect of the drug.
12. Adequate drug holiday In order to protect the health of the people and promote the export of foreign trade, the residues of veterinary drugs in livestock and poultry should be strictly controlled. In clinical use, try to choose a drug with a short residual period, and according to the residual characteristics of the drug in the animal, you should have enough time to stop the drug before slaughtering, so as to prevent the veterinary drug residue from contaminating the animal food. Such as dichlorvos (dimethoprim), pigs, poultry mixed feeding, 10 days before slaughter.
How to use antibacterial drugs reasonably
Rational use of antibacterial drugs to control livestock diseases has promoted and promoted the development of animal husbandry; however, irrational drug use and blind drug abuse not only fail to cure diseases and control disease development, but may cause a decline in efficacy or Disadvantages, animal poisoning, drug resistance, drug residues and other adverse consequences, and increased treatment costs. Therefore, antibiotics should be used rationally in the clinic to achieve the purpose of killing pathogenic microorganisms and controlling infection and preventing adverse consequences. How can we make rational use of drugs?
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