How much do you know about fire elevators?

In the design of high-rise buildings, fire elevators should be set according to the importance, height, building area and nature of the buildings.

High-rise buildings with a height of more than 32 meters and elevators and high-rise warehouses with a height of more than 32 meters. There should be one fire elevator in each fire zone; one type of building with a height of more than 24 meters, 10 floors and 10 floors. Fire-fighting elevators should be provided for tower residential buildings, 12- and 12-story modular and corridor-style residential buildings, and Class 2 high-rise public buildings with a height of more than 32 meters.

The number of fire elevators is mainly determined by the floor area of ​​the floor. China stipulates that at least one fire-fighting elevator should be set for each fire-zone partition, and one floor area of ​​each floor should be no more than 1,500 square meters, and two units of more than 1,500 square meters and not more than 4,500 square meters should be set, and three units of more than 4,500 square meters should be set.

Fire-fighting elevators should be located in different fire-proof zones, so that fires can be quickly deployed in any one district. The plane position must be easily connected with the outside world. There should be an outdoor exit at the first floor, or within 30 meters. The safe passage arrives outside.

In design, it is best to combine the fire elevator and the evacuation staircase to make the evacuation escapers close to the fire rescuers to form a reliable safety zone. Separation measures should be taken between the two ladders to avoid mutual hindrance.

In addition, the safety distance of each room in the fire zone to the fire elevator should not exceed 30 meters to ensure the safety of firefighters during rescue.

The position of the front room should be set by the external wall, so that the window can be used for natural smoke exhaust, which can meet the fire protection needs and save investment. The layout requirements are generally consistent with the location of the fire elevator, so that the firefighters can quickly reach the entrance of the fire elevator and put into rescue work.

The area of ​​the front room should be determined by the nature of the building. The residential building should not be less than 4.5 square meters, and the public and industrial buildings should not be less than 6 square meters. When a fire elevator and a smoke-proof staircase are combined with one front room, the front room has more people crossing or staying, so the area should be increased, the residential building should not be less than 6 square meters, the public building should not be less than 10 square meters, and the front room The length of the short side should not be less than 2.5 meters.

The front room should be equipped with mechanical smoke exhaust or natural smoke exhaust. In the event of fire, a large amount of smoke can be discharged near the front room to ensure that the firefighters can successfully save the fire and rescue personnel.

Fire front pipes and fire hydrants shall be provided in the front room of the fire elevator. The fire elevator is the main offensive route for firefighters to enter the fire position in the building. In order to facilitate the opening of the passage and launch the attack, the front room should be equipped with a fire hydrant. It is worth noting that a small movable door should be provided at the lower part of the fire door to facilitate the water supply belt to pass through the fire door without causing the fire to enter the front room.

The doors of the fire elevator front and walkway shall be at least Class B fire doors or fire shutters with stagnation function to form an independent and safe area, but the doors of the front room shall not be fireproof.

Water blocking facilities should be installed at the front door of the fire elevator to block the water generated by the fire from entering the elevator.

(1) The ladder wells of fire-fighting elevators shall be separately and separately set up from other vertical pipe wells. Cables for other purposes shall not be laid in the elevator shaft, and holes shall not be opened in the well wall. Between the adjacent elevator shaft and the engine room, partition walls with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hours shall be used; when opening the door, a Class A fire door shall be provided. It is strictly forbidden to lay flammable gas and liquid pipes of Class A, B and C in the well.

(2) Fire resistance of elevator shaft

In order to ensure that the fire elevator can work in any fire situation, the wall of the elevator shaft must have sufficient fire resistance, and its fire resistance rating should generally not be less than 2.5 hours to 3 hours. The fire resistance grade of cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures is generally more than 3 hours.

(3) Well and capacity

There should be no more than 2 elevators in the hoistway where the fire elevator is located. When designing, the top of the hoistway should take measures to remove the smoke heat. The load of the car should consider the weight of 8 to 10 firefighters, the minimum should not be less than 800 kg, and the net area should not be less than 1.4 square meters.

(4) Decoration of the car

The interior decoration of the fire elevator car should be made of non-combustible materials, and the internal paging button should also have fire prevention measures to ensure that it will not lose its effect due to the influence of smoke and heat.

1, fire power

The fire elevator should have two power sources. In addition to the power supply provided by the daily line, the special emergency power supply to the fire-fighting elevator shall adopt a special power supply circuit, and shall be clearly marked so as not to be affected by the fire and power failure. The line laying shall comply with the distribution line of the fire-fighting equipment. Provisions.

2, dedicated button

The fire elevator should have an operation button for the firefighters on the first floor. This device is a universal button unique to the fire elevator and is installed in the unlocking device beside the fire elevator door. When the firefighter presses this button, the fire elevator can be forced down to the bottom floor or any designated floor. At the same time, the work elevator is stopped and falls to the bottom floor, the fire power supply starts to work, and the exhaust fan is turned on.

3, function conversion

In normal times, the fire elevator can be used as a work elevator, and when it is fired, it will be converted into a fire elevator. A conversion device should be provided in the control system so that the fire can quickly change the conditions of use and adapt to the special requirements of the fire elevator.

4, emergency lighting

　

Emergency lighting shall be provided in the fire elevator and its front room to ensure that firefighters can work normally.

5, dedicated phone and control button

Dedicated telephones and operating buttons should be provided in the fire elevator car so that firefighters can maintain contact with the outside world during firefighting and rescue, and can also directly contact the fire control center. The manipulation button is a device for the firefighters to operate the elevator themselves.

6, driving speed

In China, the speed of fire-fighting elevators is calculated and determined according to the running time from the first floor to the top floor of no more than 60 seconds. For example, a building with a height of about 60 meters should use a fire elevator with a speed of 1 meter per second; the height is about 90 meters. For the building, a fire elevator with a speed of 1.5 meters per second should be used.

7. Bottom drainage facilities

The bottom of the fire elevator should be provided with drainage outlets and drainage facilities. If the fire elevator is not in the underground layer, the water at the bottom of the well can be directly discharged to the outside. In order to prevent the water from being poured in the rainy season, a single flow valve should be installed at the outer wall of the drain pipe. If it is not possible to discharge directly to the outside, a pool of not less than 2 cubic meters can be opened at the bottom or side of the well, and the water of the pool can be pumped to the outside with a pump with a displacement of not less than 10 liters per second.

Fire elevators and ordinary elevators are two different types of elevators in life. What is the difference between a living elevator and a fire elevator? In terms of performance, what better? Here's a comparison:

The biggest difference between the two is that ordinary elevators do not have fire-fighting functions, and people are prohibited from taking elevators to escape when a fire occurs.

Because when it is affected by high temperature, or power outages, or fire, it will surely take people who take the elevator and even take their lives.

Fire elevators usually have a complete fire protection function:

1. It should be a two-way power supply. That is, in case the power supply of the building work elevator is interrupted, the very power supply of the fire elevator can be automatically connected and can continue to operate.

2. It should have an emergency control function, that is, when a fire breaks upstairs, it can accept instructions and return to the first floor in time, instead of continuing to accept passengers, only for firefighters.

3. It should reserve an emergency evacuation exit at the top of the car. If the door opening mechanism of the elevator fails, it can also be evacuated and escaped.

4. The fire elevator should be equipped with an anterior chamber, and the front room should be equipped with a fire door to make it have a fire and smoke prevention function.

5, the load of the fire elevator should not be less than 800 kg, the plane size of the car should not be less than 1 m × 1.5 m, its role is to be able to transport larger fire-fighting equipment and life-saving stretchers.

6. The decoration materials in the fire elevator must be non-combustible building materials. The fire-fighting elevator power and control wires shall be waterproof. The door of the fire-fighting elevator shall be provided with waterproof measures for the slope.

7. There should be a dedicated telephone in the fire elevator car, and a dedicated control button should be provided on the first floor. If the function is up to standard in these aspects, the fire elevator can be used for fire rescue in case of fire in the building. If these conditions are not met, ordinary elevators cannot be used for firefighting and life-saving. It is life-threatening to take the elevator when it is on fire.

Why can't I take a normal elevator when a fire breaks out?

Ordinary elevators do not have fire safety conditions and cannot be used as vertical evacuation tools during fires. The main reasons are as follows:

1. The power supply is not guaranteed. Because of fire, firefighters must turn off all normal working power and enable emergency power.

2. Produce a chimney effect. Because the elevator shaft is running, the elevator shaft loses its anti-smoke effect, and becomes a vertical passage for pulling out smoke and fire, which not only encourages the spread of fireworks, but also threatens people's lives.

3. Evacuation capacity is limited. In the event of a fire, the elevator can only carry more than a dozen people at a time, and the rest will have to wait, which will delay the evacuation opportunity.

4. If the elevator has an electromechanical failure (or power failure), the evacuation personnel will be trapped inside the elevator car and cannot escape.